{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:40:00Z","timestamp":1787593200185,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a detrimental impact on health\u2010related quality of life (QoL). Scale\u2010up of HCV direct\u2010acting antiviral (DAA) therapy among people who inject drugs (PWID) is underway in several countries since the introduction of interferon\u2010free regimens. This study aimed to assess the impact of DAA treatment success on QoL for PWID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study using two rounds of the Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative, a national anonymous bio\u2010behavioural survey and a longitudinal study involving PWID who underwent DAA therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The setting for the cross\u2010sectional study was Scotland (2017\u20132018, 2019\u20132020). The setting for the longitudinal study was the Tayside region of Scotland (2019\u20132021).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the cross\u2010sectional study PWID were recruited from services providing injecting equipment (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094009). In the longitudinal study, participants were PWID on DAA therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200983).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the cross\u2010sectional study, the association between QoL (measured using the EQ\u20105D\u20105L quality of life instrument) and HCV diagnosis and treatment was assessed using multilevel linear regression. In the longitudinal study, QoL was compared at four timepoints using multilevel regression, from treatment commencement until 12\u2009months following commencement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the cross\u2010sectional study, 41% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091618) were ever chronically HCV infected, of whom 78% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091262) were aware of their status and of whom 64% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009704) had undergone DAA therapy. There was no evidence for a marked QoL improvement associated with viral clearance among those treated for HCV (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03; 95% CI, \u22120.03 to 0.09). In the longitudinal study, improved QoL was observed at the sustained virologic response test timepoint (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18; 95% CI, 0.10\u20130.27), but this was not maintained at 12\u2009months following start of treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02; 95% CI, \u22120.05 to 0.10).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Successful direct\u2010acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C infection may not lead to a durable improvement in quality of life among people who inject drugs, although there may be a transient improvement around the time of sustained virologic response. Economic models of the impact of scaling\u2010up treatment may need to include more conservative quality of life benefits over and above reductions in mortality, disease progression and transmission of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T04:25:05Z","timestamp":1676867105000},"page":"1340-1350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Improved health\u2010related quality of life after hepatitis C viraemic clearance among people who inject drugs may not be durable"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0788-6011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott A.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow G4 0BA UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland Meridian Court  Glasgow G2 6QE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Myring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol  Bristol BS8 1TL UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norah E.","family":"Palmateer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow G4 0BA UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland Meridian Court  Glasgow G2 6QE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"McAuley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow G4 0BA UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland Meridian Court  Glasgow G2 6QE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hollingworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol  Bristol BS8 1TL UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Gunson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre Glasgow Royal Infirmary  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9864-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol BS8 1TL UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow G4 0BA UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland Meridian Court  Glasgow G2 6QE UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02111-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Needle exchange surveillance initiative (NESI): 2008\u201309 to 2017\u201318","author":"Health Protection Scotland (HPS), University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow Caledonian University and West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"HPS surveillance report: Surveillance of hepatitis C testing, diagnosis and treatment in Scotland, 2019 update","author":"McLeod A","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201700067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Stata 16 Base Reference Manual","author":"StataCorp","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-020-00247-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000062554.74615.4C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"ofw266","article-title":"Cost effectiveness and cost containment in the era of interferon\u2010free therapies to treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1. Open forum","volume":"4","author":"Linas BP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-12-67"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.16169","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.16169","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.16169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:17:31Z","timestamp":1787591851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.16169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.16169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16169","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}