{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:26:26Z","timestamp":1791300386053,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C48006\/A20863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C48006\/A20863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIPS\/16\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIPS\/16\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017291","name":"Health and Social Care Northern Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COM\/5352\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COM\/5352\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017291","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002181","name":"Lullaby Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009309","name":"Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019_09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019_09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014684","name":"Scottish Cot Death Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether adding financial incentives to usual care is cost\u2010effective in encouraging pregnant women to quit tobacco smoking, compared with usual care alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cost\u2010effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost\u2013utility analysis (CUA) from a health\u2010care provider's perspective, embedded in the Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial (CPIT III). Long\u2010term analyses were conducted from the same perspective, using an existing Markov model over a life\u2010time horizon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven maternity smoking cessation sites in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the short\u2010term analysis, CPIT III participants were assessed: women 16\u2009years or older, self\u2010reporting as smokers, fewer than 24\u2009weeks pregnant and English\u2010speaking (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009944). The same population was used for the life\u2010time analysis, plus their infants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Costs included financial incentive vouchers and postage, cessation support and nicotine replacement therapy and neonatal stays. The outcome measure was a biochemically verified quit rate for the CEA and quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (QALYs) for CUA. Costs are presented in 2020 GBP sterling (\u00a3). Data for the life\u2010time analysis came from the trial and were combined with data from published literature embedded in the model, reporting incremental cost per quitter and QALY. A 3.5% discount rate was applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The short\u2010term incremental cost per quitter was \u00a34400 and cost per QALY was \u00a3150\u2009000. Results of sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. The long\u2010term analysis combined costs and outcomes for mother and infants; results showed a cost saving of \u00a337 [95% confidence interval (CI])\u2009=\u2009\u00a335\u2013106] and increase in QALYs of 0.171 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.124\u20130.229). These findings indicate that, over a life\u2010time, financial incentives are cost\u2010saving and improve health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the United Kingdom, offering up to \u00a3400 financial incentives, in addition to usual care, to support pregnant women to stop smoking appears to be highly cost\u2010effective over a life\u2010time for mother and infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:50:23Z","timestamp":1677466223000},"page":"1445-1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Financial incentives for quitting smoking in pregnancy: Are they cost\u2010effective?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2918-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"McMeekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow G12 8RZ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science University of York  YO10 5DD York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Robinson\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science University of York  YO10 5DD York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science University of York  YO10 5DD York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Bauld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh EH8 9AG UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Tappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow G12 8RZ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Action on Smoking and Health (ASH).Facts at a Glance 2021. 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