{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:05:57Z","timestamp":1790208357215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pericles.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about long\u2010term consequences of delirium tremens (DT). This study aimed to compare all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality and alcohol\u2010related morbidity between patients with: (i) DT, (ii) alcohol withdrawal state (AWS) and (iii) alcohol dependence (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national longitudinal health registry study with linked data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients registered in the Norwegian Patient Registry between 2009 and 2015 with a diagnosis of AD (ICD\u201010 code F10.2), AWS (F10.3) or DT (F10.4) and aged 20\u201379\u2009years were included (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936\u2009287).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were categorized into three mutually exclusive groups; those with DT diagnosis were categorized as DT patients regardless of whether or not they had received another alcohol use disorder diagnosis during the observation period or not. Outcome measures were: annual mortality rate, standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality and proportion of alcohol\u2010related morbidities which were registered in the period from 2\u00a0years before to 1\u00a0year after the index diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>DT patients had higher annual mortality rate (8.0%) than AWS (5.0%) and AD (3.6%) patients, respectively. DT patients had higher mortality [SMR\u2009=\u20099.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20098.9\u201310.7] than AD patients (SMR\u2009=\u20097.0, 95% CI\u2009=\u20096.8\u20137.2) and AWS patients (SMR\u2009=\u20097.8, 95% CI\u2009=\u20097.2\u20138.4). SMR was particularly elevated for unnatural causes of death, and more so for DT patients (SMR\u2009=\u200926.9, 95% CI\u2009=\u200921.7\u201333.4) than for AD patients (SMR\u2009=\u200915.2, 95% CI\u2009=\u200914.2\u201316.3) or AWS patients (SMR\u2009=\u200920.1, 95% CI\u2009=\u200916.9\u201323.9). For all comorbidities, we observed a higher proportion among DT patients than among AWS or AD patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People treated for delirium tremens appear to have higher rates of mortality and comorbidity than people with other alcohol use disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T09:33:06Z","timestamp":1689759186000},"page":"2352-2359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mortality and alcohol\u2010related morbidity in patients with delirium tremens, alcohol withdrawal state or alcohol dependence in Norway: A register\u2010based prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9250-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f8rgen G.","family":"Bramness","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Tobacco Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"UiT: The Arctic University of Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders Innlandet Hospital Trust  Brumunddal Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7635-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina H.","family":"Heiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7253-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"H\u00f8ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UiT: The Arctic University of Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse University Hospital of North Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8652-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Rossow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Tobacco Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60009-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066605275353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490802268868"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.6.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1407298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S361810"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00187.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2013.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13929"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.070797"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1995.901013355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490600625798"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.14.1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health.Death by gender age and cause of death Oslo2015. 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