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We evaluated cost\u2010effectiveness of the INTRO\u2010HCV intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Markov health state transition model of HCV disease progression and treatment with cost\u2010effectiveness analysis from the health\u2010provider perspective. Primary cost, utility, and health outcome data were derived from the trial. Costs and health benefits (quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years, QALYs) were tracked over 50\u2009years. Probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses investigated DAA price reductions and variations in HCV treatment and disease care cost assumptions, using costs from different countries (Norway, United Kingdom, United States, France, Australia).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PWID attending community\u2010based drug treatment centers for people with opioid dependence in Norway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per QALY gained, compared against a conventional (\u20ac70\u2009000\/QALY) willingness\u2010to\u2010pay threshold for Norway and lower (\u20ac20\u2009000\/QALY) threshold common among high\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrated treatment resulted in an ICER of \u20ac13\u2009300\/QALY gained, with 99% and 71% probability of being cost\u2010effective against conventional and lower willingness\u2010to\u2010pay thresholds, respectively. A 30% lower DAA price reduced the ICER to \u20ac6\u2009900\/QALY gained, with 91% probability of being cost\u2010effective at the lower willingness\u2010to\u2010pay threshold. A 60% and 90% lower DAA price had 36% and &gt;99% probability of being cost\u2010saving, respectively. Sensitivity analyses suggest integrated treatment was cost\u2010effective at the lower willingness\u2010to\u2010pay threshold (&gt;60% probability) across different assumptions on HCV treatment and disease care costs with 30% DAA price reduction, and became cost\u2010saving with 60%\u201390% price reductions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrated hepatitis C virus treatment for people who inject drugs in community settings is likely cost\u2010effective compared with standard\u2010of\u2010care referral pathways in Norway and may be cost\u2010saving in settings with particular characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T05:11:01Z","timestamp":1690607461000},"page":"2424-2439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness of integrated treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs in Norway: An economic evaluation of the INTRO\u2010HCV trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-7496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron Guanliang","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6469-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christer Frode","family":"Aas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ege Su","family":"\u00c7a\u011flar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn Henrik","family":"Vold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Thore","family":"Fadnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8291-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vickerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjell Arne","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30375-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30085-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.22146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Hepatitis Report 2017. 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