{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:55:22Z","timestamp":1790196922100,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To measure the association between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a matched, population\u2010based retrospective cohort study involving five linked administrative health databases from Alberta, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified participants with CUD diagnosis codes and matched them to participants without CUD codes by gender, year of birth and time of presentation to the health system. We included 29\u2009764 pairs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200959\u2009528 individuals in total).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>CVD events were defined by at least one incident diagnostic code within the study period (1\u2009January 2012\u201331 December 2019). Covariates included comorbidity, socio\u2010economic status, prescription medication use and health service use. Using mortality\u2010censored Poisson regression models, we computed survival analyses for time to incident CVD stratified by CUD status. In addition, we calculated crude and stratified risk ratios (RRs) across various covariates using the Mantel\u2013Haenszel technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall prevalence of documented CUD was 0.8%. Approximately 2.4% and 1.5% of participants in the CUD and unexposed groups experienced an incident adverse CVD event (RR\u2009=\u20091.57; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20091.40\u20131.77). CUD was significantly associated with reduced time to incident CVD event. Individuals who appeared to have greater RRs for incident CVD were those without mental health comorbidity, who had not used health\u2010care services in the previous 6\u00a0months, who were not on prescription medications and who did not have comorbid conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canadian adults with cannabis use disorder appear to have an approximately 60% higher risk of experiencing incident adverse cardiovascular disease events than those without cannabis use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T06:00:31Z","timestamp":1695880831000},"page":"137-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cannabis use disorder and adverse cardiovascular outcomes: A population\u2010based retrospective cohort analysis of adults from Alberta, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3490-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anees","family":"Bahji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Hathaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research Initiative in Substance (CRISM)\u2013Alberta Health Services (AHS) Advances of Analytics in Substance Use  Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research Initiative in Substance (CRISM)\u2013Alberta Health Services (AHS) Advances of Analytics in Substance Use  Edmonton AB Canada"},{"name":"University of Alberta  Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Crockford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Jennifer","family":"Edelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS Yale School of Public Health  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Medicine and Addictions Research Department Butler Hospital  Providence RI USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B.","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder","volume":"5","author":"Gates PJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdy090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada.Cannabis Stats Hub [Internet].2020[cited 2020 Sep 2]. 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