{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:18:05Z","timestamp":1768537085898,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P006841\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P006841\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test how attentional bias and explicit liking are influenced by delta\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and whether these effects are moderated by cannabidiol (CBD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Double\u2010blind, randomised, within\u2010subjects cross\u2010over study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants\/Cases<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six infrequent cannabis users (cannabis use &lt;1 per week).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Across four sessions, participants inhaled vaporised cannabis containing 10\u00a0mg of THC and either 0\u00a0mg (0:1 CBD:THC), 10\u00a0mg (1:1), 20\u2009mg (2:1) or 30\u2009mg (3:1) of CBD, administered in a randomised order and counter\u2010balanced across participants (a total of 24 order groups).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants completed two tasks: (1) Attentional Bias (AB), comparing reaction times toward visual probes presented behind 28 target stimuli (cannabis\/food) compared with probes behind corresponding non\u2010target (neutral) stimuli. Participants responding more quickly to probes behind target than non\u2010target stimuli would indicate greater attentional bias to cannabis\/food; (2) Picture Rating (PR), where all AB stimuli were rated on a 7\u2010point pleasantness scale, measuring explicit liking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the AB task, participants were more biased toward cannabis stimuli in the 0:1 condition compared with baseline (mean difference\u2009=\u200912.2, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]\u2009=\u20091.20\u201323.3, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.41, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). No other significant AB or PR differences were found between cannabis and food stimuli between baseline and 0:1 condition (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). No significant CBD effect was found on AB or PR task performance at any dose (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). There was additionally no cumulative effect of THC exposure on AB or PR outcomes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A double\u2010blind, randomised, cross\u2010over study among infrequent cannabis users found that inhaled delta\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol increased attentional bias toward cannabis in the absence of explicit liking, a marker of liability toward cannabis use disorder. At the concentrations normally found in legal and illegal cannabis, cannabidiol had no influence on this effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T06:05:44Z","timestamp":1697090744000},"page":"322-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cannabidiol does not attenuate acute delta\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol\u2010induced attentional bias in healthy volunteers: A randomised, double\u2010blind, cross\u2010over study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8920-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of 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