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This study aimed to disentangle heterogeneity in treatment use among adult patients in Chile by identifying distinct treatment trajectory groups and factors associated with them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>National\u2010level registry\u2010based retrospective cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults admitted to publicly funded substance use disorder treatment programs in Chile from November 2009 to November 2010 and followed for 9\u00a0years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096266).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monthly treatment use; type of treatment; ownership of the treatment center; discharge status; primary substance used; sociodemographic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>A seven\u2010class treatment trajectory solution was chosen using latent class growth analysis. We identified three trajectory groups that did not recur and had different treatment lengths: <jats:italic>Early discontinuation<\/jats:italic> (32%), <jats:italic>Less than a year in treatment<\/jats:italic> (19.7%) and <jats:italic>Year\u2010long episode, without recurrence<\/jats:italic> (12.3%). We also identified a mixed trajectory group that had a long first treatment or two treatment episodes with a brief time between treatments: <jats:italic>Long first treatment, or immediate recurrence<\/jats:italic> (6.3%), and three recurrent treatment trajectory groups: <jats:italic>Recurrent and decreasing<\/jats:italic> (14.2%), <jats:italic>Early discontinuation with recurrence<\/jats:italic> (9.9%) and <jats:italic>Recurrent after long between treatments period<\/jats:italic> (5.7%). Inpatient or outpatient high intensity (vs. outpatient low intensity) at first entry increased the odds of being in the longer one\u2010episode groups compared with the <jats:italic>Early discontinuation<\/jats:italic> group. Women had increased odds of belonging to all the recurrent groups. Using cocaine paste (vs. alcohol) as a primary substance decreased the odds of belonging to long one\u2010episode groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Chile, people in publicly funded treatment for substance use disorder show seven distinct care trajectories: three groups with different treatment lengths and no recurring episodes, a mixed group with a long first treatment or two treatment episodes with a short between\u2010treatment\u2010episodes period and three recurrent treatment groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T06:28:05Z","timestamp":1704781685000},"page":"753-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Longitudinal trajectories of substance use disorder treatment use: A latent class growth analysis using a national cohort in 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