{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T05:43:55Z","timestamp":1793943835633,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relapse is common in alcohol dependence (AD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), so alcohol reduction therapy should be measured over as long a period as possible; however, existing reviews do not consider the duration of treatment and therefore alcohol reduction therapy may not have been appropriately evaluated. This review evaluated the efficacy and safety of alcohol reduction pharmacotherapy in patients with AD or AUD according to the duration of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed 15 pharmacological agents. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for eligible trials through to May 2021. Outcomes were heavy drinking days (HDD), total alcohol consumption (TAC), any adverse event and days without drinking.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010five RCTs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098891) were included. Nalmefene was superior to placebo for reducing HDD (standard mean difference [SMD] \u22120.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22120.37, \u22120.18) and TAC (SMD \u22120.25, 95% CI \u22120.35, \u22120.16) in the long\u2010term, but not in the short\u2010term. Topiramate was superior to placebo for reducing HDD (SMD \u22120.35, 95% CI \u22120.59, \u22120.12) and days without drinking (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.11, 0.82), and baclofen was superior for reducing TAC (SMD \u22120.70, 95% CI \u22121.29, \u22120.11), in the short\u2010term. The frequency of adverse events was higher with nalmefene and topiramate than with placebo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nalmefene, topiramate and baclofen may be effective as alcohol reduction pharmacotherapy; however, only nalmefene has demonstrated long\u2010term efficacy, and nalmefene and topiramate have a significantly higher frequency of adverse events compared with placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T02:45:31Z","timestamp":1704336331000},"page":"815-832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Efficacy and safety of alcohol reduction pharmacotherapy according to treatment duration in patients with alcohol dependence or alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-1177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Kotake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0197-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonari","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Zikei Hospital\/Zikei Institute of Psychiatry  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masuo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Zikei Hospital\/Zikei Institute of Psychiatry  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9838-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryuhei","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2539-1031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Banno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Seichiryo Hospital  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7982-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Kyoto Min\u2010iren Asukai Hospital  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Epidemiology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine\/School of Public Health  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0262-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Shiroshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS\u2010PSG)  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4672-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy Kobe Gakuin University  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Alcohol [Internet]. 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