{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:57:28Z","timestamp":1782467848582,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010686","name":"Folkh\u00e4lsomyndigheten","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the high prevalence and negative effects of hazardous substance use, few young adults enter treatment. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT), a support programme for concerned significant others of people with substance use disorders, has proved efficacious in promoting treatment entry. The aim of the current trial was to compare the efficacy of CRAFT with an active control for parents of young adults (aged 18\u201324\u2009years) with hazardous substance use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a randomized controlled superiority trial comparing CRAFT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200958) with an active control group receiving manualized counselling (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200955), with outcome assessments at 6, 12 and 24\u2009weeks (primary end\u2010point). A sequential design with a stopping rule was added post recruitment commencement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study took place in two outpatient clinics for young adults in Stockholm, Sweden, and subsequently via video\u2010conference due to COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between October 2018 and May 2021, 113 participants (92% female) who were parents of young adults (87% male) were recruited. Recruitment was discontinued when 70% of the planned sample had been recruited, following an interim analysis of the primary outcome showing no difference between conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention and comparator<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were randomized (ratio 1\u00a0:\u00a01) to eight manual\u2010based individual CRAFT sessions or five individual manual\u2010based counselling sessions\u2009+\u2009one voluntary psychoeducative group session, delivered over maximum 14\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome measure was the rate of young adult entry in substance use treatment during the trial period (24\u2009weeks).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the 24\u2009weeks follow\u2010up, 19 (33%) of CRAFT participants and 17 (31%) of counselling participants had reported young adult treatment entry, with no difference between conditions (odds ratio CRAFT versus counselling 0.84, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.35; 1.99,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.700). Both conditions reported clinically relevant reductions in young adult substance use, but no change in participants\u2019 levels of depression, anxiety or stress.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial showed no statistically significant evidence that Community Reinforcement and Family Training\u00a0(CRAFT), a support programme for concerned significant others of people with substance use disorders, is more efficacious than manual\u2010based counselling regarding treatment entry for young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T03:13:55Z","timestamp":1705374835000},"page":"915-927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Community Reinforcement and Family Training versus counselling for parents of treatment\u2010refusing young adults with hazardous substance use: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5829-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola","family":"Siljeholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Edvardsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS) Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Hammarberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60368-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAHMSA).Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.Report no.: PEP20\u201007\u201001\u2010001. 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