{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T02:13:33Z","timestamp":1769048013382,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPRCTAGPJT\\100002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPRCTAGPJT\\100002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of e\u2010cigarettes may influence later smoking uptake in young people. Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) are interactive on\u2010line tools that display the evidence and gaps in a specific area of policy or research. The aim of this study was to map clusters and gaps in evidence exploring the relationship between e\u2010cigarette use or availability and subsequent combustible tobacco use in people aged &lt;\u200930\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an EGM of primary studies and systematic reviews. A framework and an interactive EGM was developed in consultation with an expert advisory group. A systematic search of five databases retrieved 9057 records, from which 134 studies were included. Systematic reviews were appraised using AMSTAR\u20102, and all included studies were coded into the EGM framework resulting in the interactive web\u2010based EGM. A descriptive analysis of key characteristics of the identified evidence clusters and gaps resulted in this report.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies were completed between 2015 and 2023, with the first systematic reviews being published in 2017. Most studies were conducted in western high\u2010income countries, predominantly the United States. Cohort studies were the most frequently used study design. The evidence is clustered on e\u2010cigarette use as an exposure, with an absolute gap identified for evidence looking into the availability of e\u2010cigarettes and subsequent cessation of cigarette smoking. We also found little evidence analysing equity factors, and little exploring characteristics of e\u2010cigarette devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This evidence and gap map (EGM) offers a tool to explore the available evidence regarding the e\u2010cigarette use\/availability and later cigarette smoking in people under the age of 30\u2009years at the time of the search. The majority of the 134 reports is from high\u2010income countries, with an uneven geographic distribution. Most of the systematic reviews are of lower quality, suggesting the need for higher\u2010quality reviews. The evidence is clustered around e\u2010cigarette use as an exposure and subsequent frequency\/intensity of current combustible tobacco use. Gaps in evidence focusing on e\u2010cigarette availability, as well as on the influence of equity factors may warrant further research. This EGM can support funders and researchers in identifying future research priorities, while guiding practitioners and policymakers to the current evidence base.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T03:35:15Z","timestamp":1719545715000},"page":"1698-1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Electronic cigarettes and subsequent use of cigarettes in young people: An evidence and gap map"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9669-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monserrat","family":"Conde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Tudor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA)  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachna","family":"Begh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Templeton College University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sufen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5658-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3757-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Livingstone\u2010Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2539-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Lindson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0876-3304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Notley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Research Group, Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janna","family":"Hastings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich  Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of St. Gallen  Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9247-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael F.","family":"Pesko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of Missouri  Columbia MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Hartmann\u2010Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Policy University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4073\/cmdp.2018.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Action on Smoking and Health (ASH).Use of e\u2010cigarettes (vapes) among young people in Great Britain [internet].2023[cited 2023 Jun 30]. Available at:https:\/\/ash.org.uk\/resources\/view\/use-of-e-cigarettes-among-young-people-in-great-britain(accessed 2023 Jun 30)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00556-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-022-00998-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation","volume":"4","author":"Hartmann\u2010Boyce J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"McNeillA Simonavi\u010diusE BroseL TaylorE EastK ZuikovaEet al.Nicotine vaping in England: an evidence update including health risks and perceptions 2022. A Report Commissioned by the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities. London UK: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10935-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11166-022-09402-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people","volume":"3","author":"Hartmann\u2010Boyce J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1405092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.21377.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Have e\u2010cigarettes renormalised or displaced youth smoking? Results of a segmented regression analysis of repeated cross sectional survey data in England","volume":"29","author":"Hallingberg B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scotland and Wales. Tob Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"GriloG CrespiE CohenJ.Striving Towards Equity: A Scoping Review of E\u2010Cigarettes Heated Tobacco Products and Tobacco\u2010Related Disparities [internet].2020. Available at:www.globaltobaccocontrol.org(accessed 2023 Mar 03)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Tobacco and inequities [internet].2023. Available at:https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0005\/247640\/tobacco-090514.pdf(accessed 2023 May 04)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01576-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0855-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta\u2010analysis protocols (PRISMA\u2010P) 2015 statement","volume":"20","author":"Moher D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista Espanola de Nutricion Humana Y Dietetica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"CASAA.Historical timeline of vaping and electronic cigarettes.2022. Available at:https:\/\/casaa.org\/education\/vaping\/historical-timeline-of-electronic-cigarettes\/(accessed 2022 Jun 06)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software.Veritas Health Innovation Melbourne Australia. Available at:www.covidence.org(accessed 2024 Jan 16)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups [internet]","author":"The World Bank","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","volume-title":"Countries [internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"EPPI\u2010Reviewer: advanced software for systematic reviews, maps and evidence synthesis","author":"Thomas J","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"EPPI\u2010Mapper, version 2.1.0","author":"Digital Solution Foundry and EPPI Centre","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac073"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.16583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T04:55:11Z","timestamp":1727412911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.16583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.16583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16583","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}