{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:53:38Z","timestamp":1788000818540,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1198301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1198301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE230101131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE230101131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT220100186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT220100186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytisine (also known as cytisinicline) is a low\u2010cost partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors used to assist tobacco cessation. We aimed to review the effectiveness of cytisine for tobacco cessation and the effects of dose and co\u2010use of behavioural or other pharmacological interventions on cessation outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched seven databases, Google Scholar, and reference lists of included publications for randomised controlled trials investigating use of cytisine as a tobacco cessation aid. Studies were eligible if participants were \u226515\u2009years old and used tobacco upon study enrolment. We conducted four random effects meta\u2010analyses and sensitivity analyses with fixed effects models. We used the Cochrane risk\u2010of\u2010bias tool for randomised trials version 2 to assess risk of bias in included studies, with adjustments recommended by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants using cytisine were significantly more likely to quit tobacco than participants who received placebo\/no intervention\/usual care (risk ratio [RR]\u2009=\u20092.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50\u20134.67, 6 trials, 5194 participants) or nicotine replacement therapy (RR\u2009=\u20091.36, 95% CI = 1.06\u20131.73, p\u2009=\u20090.0152, 2 trials, 1511 participants). The difference in cessation rates among participants receiving cytisine versus varenicline was not statistically significant (RR\u2009=\u20090.96, 95% CI 0.63\u20131.45, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.8464, 3 trials, 2508 participants). Two trials examined longer versus shorter treatment duration, finding higher abstinence rates with longer treatment (RR\u2009=\u20091.29, 95% CI = 1.02\u20131.63, 2 trials, 1009 participants). The differences in the number of adverse events reported by participants who received cytisine versus placebo (RR\u2009=\u20091.19, 95% CI = 0.99\u20131.41, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0624; 6 trials; 4578 participants) or cytisine versus varenicline (RR\u2009=\u20091.37, 95% CI = 0.57\u20133.33, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.4835; 2 trials; 1345 participants) were not statistically significant. Most adverse events were mild (e.g. abnormal dreams, nausea, headaches).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytisine is an effective aid for tobacco cessation and appears to be more effective for tobacco cessation than placebo, no intervention, usual care and nicotine replacement therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T05:39:37Z","timestamp":1720157977000},"page":"1713-1725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Systematic review and meta\u2010analyses of cytisine to support tobacco cessation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3658-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheneal","family":"Puljevi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4307-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Stjepanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Meciar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4322-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie","family":"Morphett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hollie","family":"Bendotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garry","family":"Kunwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coral","family":"Gartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Tobacco","author":"World Health 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