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The present study aimed to fill this gap and clarify the relationship between adolescent alcohol use and young adult cognition by accounting for both measured and unmeasured confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A random effects model accounting for nesting in families was used to control for measured confounders. Next, co\u2010twin comparisons were conducted within the full sample and in monozygotic twin pairs (MZ) to control for unmeasured genetic and environmental confounders shared by co\u2010twins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants\/Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 812 individuals (58.6% female, 361 complete pairs, 146 MZ pairs) from the longitudinal FinnTwin12 study in Finland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent alcohol use was indexed with measures of frequency of use and intoxication averaged across ages 14 and 17. Cognitive outcomes were measured at average age 22 and included Trail Making Test, California Stroop test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence subtests (Vocabulary, Block Design, Digit Symbol), Digit Span subtest of Wechsler Memory Scale, Mental Rotation Test and Object Location Memory test. Covariates included sex, parental education, general cognitive ability, current alcohol use and nicotine use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater frequency of alcohol use and frequency of intoxication across adolescence was associated with decreased vocabulary scores in the co\u2010twin control [freq: stnd beta\u2009=\u2009\u22120.12, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u2009\u22120.234, \u22120.013] and MZ only co\u2010twin control models (freq: stnd beta\u2009=\u2009\u22120.305, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u20130.523, \u22120.087; intox: stnd beta\u2009=\u2009\u22120.301, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u20100.528, \u22120.074).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Finland, there appears to be little evidence that adolescent alcohol use causes cognitive deficits in young adulthood, except modest evidence for association of higher adolescent alcohol use with lower young adult vocabulary scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T05:22:42Z","timestamp":1723008162000},"page":"1947-1955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between adolescent alcohol use and cognitive function in young adulthood: A co\u2010twin comparison study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9405-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers University  Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallory","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Brislin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers University  Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5695-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Latvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University  Brooklyn NY 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