{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:48:48Z","timestamp":1787791728408,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01DA056407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DA056407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extended\u2010release naltrexone (XR\u2010NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine (SL\u2010BUP) are both approved for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in any medical setting. We aimed to compare the real\u2010world effectiveness of XR\u2010NTX and SL\u2010BUP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was an observational active comparator, new user cohort study of Medicaid claims records for patients in New Jersey and California, USA, 2016\u201319.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants\/cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The participants were adult Medicaid patients aged 18\u201364\u2009years who initiated XR\u2010NTX or SL\u2010BUP for maintenance treatment of OUD and did not use medications for OUD in the 90\u2009days before initiation. Our cohort included 1755 XR\u2010NTX and 9886 SL\u2010BUP patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined two outcomes up to 180\u2009days after medication initiation: (1) composite of medication discontinuation and death and (2) composite of overdose and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adjusted analyses, treatment with XR\u2010NTX was more likely to result in discontinuation or death by the end of follow\u2010up than treatment with SL\u2010BUP: cumulative risk 75.9% [95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u200973.9%, 77.9%] versus 62.2% (95% CI\u2009=\u200961.2%, 63.2%), respectively (risk difference\u2009=\u200913.7 percentage points, 95% CI\u2009=\u200911.4, 16.0). There was minimal difference in the cumulative risk of overdose or death by the end of follow\u2010up: XR\u2010NTX 3.9% (95% CI\u2009=\u20093.0%, 4.8%) versus SL\u2010BUP 3.3% (95% CI\u2009=\u20092.9%, 3.7%); risk difference\u2009=\u20090.5 percentage points, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u20130.4, 1.5. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medicaid patients in California and New Jersey, USA, receiving treatment for opioid use disorder stayed in treatment longer on sublingual buprenorphine than on extended\u2010release naltrexone, but the risk of overdose was similar. Most patients in this study discontinued medication within 6\u00a0months, regardless of which medication was initiated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T03:59:33Z","timestamp":1722830373000},"page":"1975-1986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of extended\u2010release naltrexone and sublingual buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder among Medicaid patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2049-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael K.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward V.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Olfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2941-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matisyahu","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7396-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noa","family":"Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health New York University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9417-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara E.","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"TIP 63: Medications for Opioid Use Disorder. 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