{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:03:10Z","timestamp":1783659790366,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australians spend more per capita on gambling than any other country in the world. Electronic gaming machines (EGM) expenditure accounts for almost 90% of this expenditure. No study to date has conducted a rigorous longitudinal analysis of the relationship between gambling expenditure and crime. This study aimed to estimate the short\u2010\u00a0and long\u2010run relationship between gambling expenditure and crime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal analysis using panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modelling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and cases<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recorded property and violent crimes committed in New South Wales (NSW), Australia,\u00a0between 28 December 2015 and 5 January 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monthly gross EGM expenditure profit, broken down by Local Government Area (LGA). Monthly recorded rates of assault, break enter and steal (dwelling), break enter and steal (non\u2010dwelling), break enter and steal (total), motor vehicle theft, stealing from a motor vehicle, stealing from a retail store, stealing from the person, stealing (total) and fraud.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each 10% increase in gambling expenditure in NSW is associated with annual: 7.4% increase in assaults, 10.5% increase in break and enter (dwelling) offences; 10.3% increase in break and enter (non\u2010dwelling) offences; 11% increase in motor vehicle theft offences; 8.2% increase in stealing from motor vehicle offences; and 7.4% increase in fraud offences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic gaming expenditure appears to be positively associated with property and violent crime in New South Wales, Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T03:11:56Z","timestamp":1724296316000},"page":"2197-2204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Does gambling expenditure have any effect on crime?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Wai Yin","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Department of Justice NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald J","family":"Weatherburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Australian Gambling Statistics 2020\u201321, Summary tables","author":"Queensland Government Statistician","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Commercial gross gaming revenue (GGR) of the gambling industry in the United States from 2020 to 2022","author":"Statista","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Gambling in Australia","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice no. 256","author":"Sakurai Y","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9794-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-5562-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9124-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e524142006-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Gambling, Report no. 50","author":"Australian Productivity Commission","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Internet Gambling. 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