{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:34:45Z","timestamp":1792586085770,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to estimate the strength of association between prescriptions of glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and\/or glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RA) and the incidence of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), respectively. This study also aimed to compare the strength of the GIP\/GLP\u20101 RA and substance use\u2010outcome association among patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study analyzing de\u2010identified electronic health record data from the Oracle Cerner Real\u2010World Data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>About 136\u2009United States of America health systems, covering over 100 million patients, spanning January 2014 to September 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 503\u2009747 patients with a history of OUD and 817\u2009309 patients with a history of AUD, aged 18\u2009years or older.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The exposure indicated the presence (one or more) or absence of GIP\/GLP\u20101 RA prescriptions. The outcomes were the incidence rates of opioid overdose in the OUD cohort and alcohol intoxication in the AUD cohort. Potential confounders included comorbidities and demographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with GIP\/GLP\u20101 RA prescriptions demonstrated statistically significantly lower rates of opioid overdose [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) in OUD patients: 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43\u20130.83] and alcohol intoxication (aIRR in AUD patients: 0.50; 95% CI = 0.40\u20130.63) compared to those without such prescriptions. When stratified by comorbid conditions, the rate of incident opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication remained similarly protective for those prescribed GIP\/GLP\u20101 RA among patients with OUD and AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescriptions of glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and\/or glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists appear to be associated with lower rates of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder. The protective effects are consistent across various subgroups, including patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T01:01:20Z","timestamp":1729126880000},"page":"236-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The association between glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and\/or glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance\u2010related outcomes in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders: A real\u2010world data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fares","family":"Qeadan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health Loyola University Chicago  Maywood IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlie","family":"McCunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health Loyola University Chicago  Maywood IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Tingey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health Loyola University Chicago  Maywood IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5562-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Addiction","author":"Cleveland Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Understanding the Opioid Overdose Epidemic","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100557"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2015.1127712"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. 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