{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:12:06Z","timestamp":1791670326351,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To offer insights into various salient substance use and addictive behaviours related aspects as applicable to India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We synthesised the published literature on addictive disorders from India. While not a systematic review of all available literature, the synthesis captures relevant themes including salient epidemiological findings, issues related to the prevention and management services targeted at addictive disorders, key observations in the context of the state of addiction science in the country, the policy status and its implications for the country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In general, the prevalence of substance use in India seems to be lower compared with global averages. For opioids, the prevalence rate is higher than the global average. Addiction prevention and treatment options for persons with addictive disorders in India can be best described as \u2018diverse\u2019: there is a wide range of services available, which vary across settings. Some models, services and products aimed at prevention and treatment of addictive disorders have been developed in the country. The policy, regulatory framework and programs targeted at addictions are not entirely in sync with the science. India has a substantial body of addiction science research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addiction landscape in India is complex and evolving. There is a heterogeneity not only across the different themes related to addiction, but also within the themes across different parts of the country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:25:13Z","timestamp":1730939113000},"page":"783-796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Perspectives on addiction\u2010related problems in India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yatan Pal Singh","family":"Balhara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddharth","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research \u2010 Psychiatry  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayant","family":"Mahadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_791_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"International institute for population sciences (IIPS) and ICF.2021. NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY (NFHS\u20105) 2019\u20102021. Published online 2022.https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR375\/FR375.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agac035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Magnitude of substance use in India","author":"Ambekar A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"World drug report 2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Sankalak: status of national AIDS response. Third","author":"National AIDS Control Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-1674-2_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102582"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ADD-09-2022-0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176241228415"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Service development for Behavioural addictions: AIIMS experience","volume":"53","author":"Balhara Y","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Natl Acad Med Sci (India)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"National mental health survey of India, 2015\u201316: mental health systems","author":"Gururaj G"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2018.1542528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ADD-10-2020-0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/JNRP_30_2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijsp.ijsp_368_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has launched the National Action Plan for drug demand reduction (NAPDDR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Ayushman BHARAT health and wellness CENTRES"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Adolescent friendly health clinics (AFHCs): National Health Mission"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_43_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2023.100261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"A review of drug prevention program: implementation in several countries","author":"Walid D","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X18814184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","volume-title":"National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP): National Health Mission"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176231226189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1985.tb03005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_440_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","volume-title":"The narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act (1985)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/493679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221138496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1709000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-023-00410-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_548_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_391_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176211033004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221150601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176231206938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-3-3-213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/APJCP.2018.19.3.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460701581419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1018_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210020077055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2010.509274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2012.00244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2016.1140434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2373-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1674-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420931157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11892-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.130984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1391_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2018.16.3.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490902786975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.37319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2020.1780185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_572_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2021.2007716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2010.71.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221105529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1578_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0253717620927870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1851_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-022-00996-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980022000313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjinnov-2018-000285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_79_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000348260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108616"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.16711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T08:47:04Z","timestamp":1741942024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.16711"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.16711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16711","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}