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Participants comprised a total of 849 adults with regular methamphetamine use history at baseline, recruited for the prospective VMAX study via snowball and respondent\u2010driven sampling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)\u20107 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)\u20109 instruments. Frequency of methamphetamine use was measured by self\u2010reported number of days per week participants used any form of methamphetamine in the past month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in anxiety and depression symptom scores were associated with change in route of administration from non\u2010injecting to injecting [adjusted coefficient (adj. coeff.)\u2009=\u20091.44, 95% confidence intervals (CI)\u2009=\u20090.39, 2.48, adj. coeff.\u2009=\u20091.49, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.39, 2.58], change in severity of dependence for methamphetamine (adj. coeff.\u2009=\u20090.29, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.21, 0.37, adj. coeff.\u2009=\u20090.34, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.26, 0.42), starting treatment for drugs other than methamphetamine (adj. coeff.\u2009=\u2009\u22122.21, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22123.70, \u22120.73, adj. coeff.\u2009=\u2009\u22122.09, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22123.60, \u22120.58) and other covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among regular methamphetamine users in Australia, changes in anxiety or depression scores are associated with changes in route of administration, dependence severity and starting treatment for other drugs, but do not appear to be associated with frequency of methamphetamine use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T11:04:38Z","timestamp":1731668678000},"page":"697-710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anxiety and depression among a community\u2010recruited cohort of people who use methamphetamine: A longitudinal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4003-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural Health Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kippen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural Health Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural Health Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Behaviours and Health Risks Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural Health Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Behaviours and Health Risks Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-9748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasun","family":"Rathnayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behaviours and Health Risks Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behaviours and Health Risks Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute of Family Studies  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dietze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behaviours and Health Risks Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"National Drug Research Institute Curtin University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).Mental Health2018. 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