{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:17:50Z","timestamp":1791515870590,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016030","name":"International Center for Responsible Gaming","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether a personalized and normative feedback (PNF) intervention for responsible gambling increases gambling insight as well as intention and self\u2010efficacy to engage in responsible gambling and behavioral engagement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010arm randomized controlled trial. Outcome measurements occurred post\u2010randomization and 3\u00a0months later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Online, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canadian community members who gambled at a land\u2010based casino or online in the last 3\u2009months [61.9% men; mean age\u2009=\u200956.52 (standard deviation\u2009=\u200914.80)] recruited via an online panel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094091).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention and comparator<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were randomized to receive PNF (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091940) or no feedback (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092151).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary outcomes included gambling insight, intentions and self\u2010efficacy to engage in seven responsible gambling behaviors post\u2010randomization as well as engagement in these behaviors during the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010intervention, participants receiving PNF (relative to no feedback) had greater gambling insight (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.32, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.59<jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\u201025<\/jats:sup>) as well as greater intentions and self\u2010efficacy to learn about how the games they play work (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>intention<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.31, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.92<jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\u201024<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>self\u2010efficacy<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.25, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.35<jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\u201016<\/jats:sup>), learn about the odds of winning at these games (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>intention<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.30, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.43<jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\u201021<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>self\u2010efficacy<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.25, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.13<jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\u201015<\/jats:sup>) and use operator\u2010provided tools to help limit their gambling (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>intention<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.36<jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\u201010<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>self\u2010efficacy<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.92<jats:sup><jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>\u20109<\/jats:sup>). However, post\u2010intervention differences in intention and self\u2010efficacy to limit time and money spent gambling, openness about gambling with others and balancing gambling with other activities were not observed. Meaningful increases in behavioral engagement 3\u00a0months later were observed but were not significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PNF for responsible gambling (relative to no feedback) appears to increase gambling insight, intentions and self\u2010efficacy to engage in gambling literacy and use of limit\u2010setting tools. Exploratory analyses indicated receiving PNF (relative to no feedback) led to behavioral changes during the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T17:00:16Z","timestamp":1733331616000},"page":"1016-1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of personalized and normative feedback via the Positive Play Quiz on responsible gambling intention, self\u2010efficacy and behavior: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7085-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nassim","family":"Tabri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Mental Health and Well\u2010Being Research and Training Hub Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard T. A.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamres Limited  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J. 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