{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:15:33Z","timestamp":1789060533462,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007281","name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance use (SU) is prevalent among individuals in the criminal justice system (CJS). However, there is often poor access to treatment. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of two medications, extended\u2010release naltrexone (XR\u2010NTX) and extended\u2010release buprenorphine (XR\u2010BUP) for the prison population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched Scopus, OVID\/Embase, PubMed\/Medline, ProQuest, EBSCO, Cochrane Library and Australian Criminology Database for original articles published from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2022. Inclusion criteria: 18+, substance use disorder; XR treatment; recent incarceration. We extracted study, participants, treatment characteristics and outcome variables. We conducted risk of bias assessments using the RoB\u20102, ROBINS\u2010I, JBI tools and Evers et al.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 25 papers (16 studies) examining 3403 participants. Sixteen papers (9 studies) focused on XR\u2010NTX, eight (7 studies) on XR\u2010BUP and one on both. Eighteen papers (11 studies) were from the US, with the remainder from Norway, Australia, UK, Canada and Germany. There were eight RCTs (10 papers), four secondary observational analyses, four cohort studies, four economic analyses, two case series and one qualitative paper. Most studies had small\u2013moderate samples, with varying retention and follow\u2010up periods. Among RCTs, two XR\u2010NTX studies for opioid use found no difference in retention vs treatment as usual and placebo, while one reported improved retention for XR\u2010NTX implant vs methadone. One RCT showed mixed retention results for XR\u2010NTX vs placebo in alcohol use. One XR\u2010BUP study showed improved or equivalent treatment retention (depending on measures) vs sublingual buprenorphine. There was no difference in overdoses. SU for XR\u2010NTX was challenging to assess due to differing definitions, measures and comparators. XR\u2010BUP yielded mixed SU results, with one indicating a greater effect and another no difference from comparators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no clear evidence for the effectiveness of extended release naltrexone and buprenorphine among individuals in the criminal justice system compared with shorter acting formulations. But there is growing evidence for the effectiveness of extended release buprenorphine in reducing opioid use and improving treatment retention in that population, with potential cost offsets from initial medication expenses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T06:13:56Z","timestamp":1738304036000},"page":"835-859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extended\u2010release pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders in incarcerated populations: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1757-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC) University of New South Wales  Randwick Australia"},{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Services SA 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