{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:52:57Z","timestamp":1791111177449,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol is a well\u2010established risk factor for numerous health conditions, making screening for hazardous alcohol use in healthcare a critical task. While self\u2010reported data suggest that alcohol consumption varies across seasons, this seasonal fluctuation has not yet been confirmed using objective biological markers. This study aimed to measure whether phosphatidylethanol (PEth) captures variations in hazardous alcohol use across two temporal resolutions: month of the year and day of the week.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational cross\u2010sectional study based on data from medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthcare services, Region Dalarna, Sweden, between 2017 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants\/Cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adult patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200962\u2009431, 50% females) screened for hazardous alcohol use with PEth within primary care.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study utilizes test results from PEth, with results &gt;0.30\u2009\u03bcmol\/l defined as hazardous alcohol use. We compared the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use across months and weekdays using logistic regression while adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, the Charlson Comorbidity Index and psychiatric diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of hazardous alcohol use increased between May and August, ranging from 13.2% to 15.9%, compared with 10.7% in November. This corresponds to a 48% relative increase in the peak month of July [prevalence ratio (PR)\u2009=\u20091.48, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.33\u20131.64]. Hazardous alcohol use was also more prevalent among patients tested on Mondays (13.0%) compared with Thursdays, with the lowest prevalence (12.0%). The difference was particularly pronounced among female patients, with a 14.0% higher relative prevalence on Mondays (PR\u2009=\u20091.14, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.02\u20131.27).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Sweden, the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use appears to fluctuate seasonally and, to a lesser extent, across weekdays, as measured by blood tests for phosphatidylethanol, a biomarker for hazardous alcohol use. November showed the lowest prevalence and July the highest, consistent across age, sex and the year of the observational period. Hazardous alcohol use showed a slight elevation of prevalence during Mondays compared with Tuesday to Friday.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T06:19:40Z","timestamp":1741846780000},"page":"1441-1449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identifying hazardous alcohol use in primary care using phosphatidylethanol: Timing of screening matters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8954-6875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"M\u00e5nsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, &amp; Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Habilitation Services Health Care Dalarna, Region Dalarna  Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"H\u00e5rdstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Vansbro Primary Health Care Center  Vansbro Sweden"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University Hospital  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Hammarberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, &amp; Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Hake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigation and Analysis, Region Dalarna  Falun Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"LoMartire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Dalarna Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"School of Health and Welfare Dalarna University  Falun Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30231-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897070109511443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agae070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) \u2010 test performance and experiences from routine analysis and external quality assessment","author":"Helander A","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2024.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz064"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","article-title":"Blood simultaneous determination of PEth 16:0\/18:1, PEth 16:0\/20:4 and ethylglucuronide using DBS: application to a clinical study of patients hospitalized for withdrawal","volume":"34","author":"Hakim F","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol Anal Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1978.39.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14958"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.120923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S282475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing [internet]","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agad015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(78)90296-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000151424.02045.F7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796023000768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","article-title":"Seasonal variations in treatment seeking for alcohol use disorder in the total Danish population","author":"Mejldal A","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2020.1844173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1533-8"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.70036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T07:43:28Z","timestamp":1748850208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.70036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.70036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.70036","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}