{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T04:50:42Z","timestamp":1758862242655,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To illustrate robust intersections of co\u2010occurring factors for two predictors of smoking cessation, motivation to stop smoking (MTSS) and past year\u2010quit attempts (QA), by using means to develop robust predictive models such as bootstrap resampling, scoring rules to evaluate the predictive accuracy and spline functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional data from the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA). Past\u2010years smokers (\u226518\u2009years, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913\u2009245) from 22 survey waves (2016\u20132020) were included. The sample (mean age 46.8\u2009years, 46.7% women) was randomly divided into learning (70%) and validation data (30%). Less than 20% in both data sets had tried to stop smoking within the preceding 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multinomial regression (for MTSS) and logistic regression (for QA) were used to evaluate whether age, sex, education, monthly net household income per person and the region of residence form intersections with relevant differences in the two outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>MTSS compared with the absence of MTSS was associated with middle [95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.02\u20131.39] and high education (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.37\u20131.98). Regarding MTSS, the highest probabilities were observed in participants aged 30 to 50\u2009years from lower and middle (30\u201340\u2009years) income groups. Regarding QA, the probability of at least one past\u2010year QA was highest in females aged between 20 and 40\u2009years and independent from educational level. Similar probabilities in males were seen only among those from the highest educated group. The predictive accuracy of the results was reduced by 3.1% for MTSS and 3.4% for QA when comparing learning with validation data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This German study provides compelling evidence linking highest motivation to stop smoking to those aged 30 to 50\u2009years with lower or middle household income. Regardless of educational level, females' probabilities of reporting at least one past\u2010year quit attempt appears to be highest in those aged 20 to 40\u2009years. These findings highlight the need for adopting an intersectional approach when studying predictors of smoking cessation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T06:53:32Z","timestamp":1742712812000},"page":"1863-1875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identifying relevant intersections in relation to motivation and attempt to stop smoking by using a combination of methods to develop robust predictive models and resampling techniques: A cross\u2010sectional study of the German population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7617-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"Ulbricht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department SHIP\u2010KEF, Institute for Community Medicine University Medicine Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department SHIP\u2010KEF, Institute for Community Medicine University Medicine Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatology Research Centre Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9454-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Kotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"},{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5590-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Kastaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"},{"name":"Institute of General Practice, Patient\u2010Physician Communication Research Unit, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Who discussion paper for the regional expert consultations: development of an implementation roadmap 2023\u20132030 for the global action plan for the prevention and control of ncds 2023\u20132030. [Internet].2021. Available from:who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/implementation\u2010roadmap\u20102023\u20102030\u2010for\u2010the\u2010who\u2010global\u2010action\u2010plan\u2010for\u2010the\u2010prevention\u2010and\u2010control\u2010of\u2010ncds\u20102023\u20102030","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Tabakatlas Deutschland 2020","year":"2020","author":"Schaller K","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135338"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-266"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-129"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106220"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx087"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.033"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-303"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03565.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa052"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146516645165"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/sor001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0667-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Concerns about finding effects that are actually spurious","volume":"29","author":"Anderson DR","year":"2001","journal-title":"Wildl Soc Bull (1973\u20132006)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000167"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2007.00646.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4328-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","DOI":"10.1024\/0939-5911\/a000719"},{"unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010operation Development (OECD).Oecd framework for statistics on the distribution of household income consumption and wealth.2013.","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-146"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03226.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90158-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","DOI":"10.1024\/0939-5911\/a000765"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Rauchverhalten und Passivrauchbelastung Erwachsener \u2013 Ergebnisse aus GEDA 2019\/2020\u2010EHIS","author":"Starker A","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Monit"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2024.111368"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.441"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00155-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001221"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","DOI":"10.2307\/2532457"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2014.09.009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","DOI":"10.1214\/19-STS733"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1310"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2007.10.007"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201700067"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8991"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5321"},{"volume-title":"Mcca: multi\u2010category classification accuracy","year":"2019","author":"Gao M","key":"e_1_2_13_43_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.11.009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1996.10476908"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1980.10483031"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00772"},{"volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2023","author":"R Development Core Team","key":"e_1_2_13_50_1"},{"unstructured":"WestonS Microsoft Corporation.DoParallel: foreach parallel adaptor for the 'parallel' package. R package version 1.0.17.2022.","key":"e_1_2_13_51_1"},{"unstructured":"University of Greifswald.High performance computing. [Available from:https:\/\/rz.uni-greifswald.de\/en\/services\/general\/miscellaneous\/high-performance-computing\/]","key":"e_1_2_13_52_1"},{"unstructured":"RichterA.DEBRA: Intersectionality2023. [Available from:https:\/\/gitlab.com\/Adrian_HGW\/debra_intersectionality","key":"e_1_2_13_53_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8114118"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/961724"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu212"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.07.013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac261"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039921"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1165.1000216"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000980"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","DOI":"10.1177\/1471082X16642560"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.70045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T07:51:49Z","timestamp":1757490709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.70045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.70045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.70045","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0965-2140"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1360-0443"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}