{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T13:04:39Z","timestamp":1786539879739,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DA01104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DA01104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA057289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA057289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA060207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA060207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2018Tusi\u2019, also known as \u2018tusib\u00ed\u2019 or \u2018pink cocaine\u2019, is a drug concoction which previously emerged in Latin America and Europe and has recently acquired popularity in the United States (US). Consumers are often unaware that Tusi contains a mixture of ketamine and other drugs, and the concoction can be confused with 2C\/2C\u2010B (ring\u2010substituted phenethylamines\/4\u2010bromo\u20102,5\u2010dimethoxyphenethylamine) or cocaine. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of past\u2010year Tusi use in the electronic dance music (EDM) nightclub\u2010attending population in New York City (NYC), US.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included surveys and optional saliva testing of adults entering randomly selected EDM events in NYC in 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults aged \u226518\u2009years entering EDM events at nightclubs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091465).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposures were demographic characteristics and past\u2010year use of other drugs. The primary outcome was self\u2010reported past\u2010year use of Tusi, and in a subsample, biologically confirmed exposure to various drugs determined by saliva testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on self\u2010report, an estimated 2.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9\u20133.9] of adults in the NYC EDM nightclub\u2010attending population have used Tusi in the past year. Compared with white individuals, Hispanic individuals were at higher odds for use [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u2009=\u20095.10, 95% CI = 1.96\u201313.25]. Compared with those who did not use, those who used ecstasy\/3,4\u2010Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (aOR\u2009=\u20096.59, 95% CI = 1.60\u201327.16), ketamine (aOR\u2009=\u20093.44, 95% CI = 1.18\u201310.08) and\/or 2C series (aOR\u2009=\u200914.82, 95% CI = 4.77\u201346.04) in the past year were at higher odds for use. Compared with those not reporting Tusi use, those reporting past\u2010year use were more likely to have saliva test positive for cocaine, ketamine, MDMA, methamphetamine and\/or synthetic cathinones (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). They were also more likely to test positive for cocaine, ketamine or methamphetamine after not reporting past\u2010year use (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>s\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An estimated 2.7% of electronic dance music\u2010nightclub attending adults in New York City appear to have used Tusi in the past year, with higher use among Hispanic individuals and people exposed (sometimes unintentionally) to other drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T13:21:54Z","timestamp":1748352114000},"page":"1646-1654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tusi use among the New York City nightclub\u2010attending population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Palamar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Abukahok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Krotulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation  Horsham PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation  Horsham PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Stang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation  Horsham PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6931-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles M.","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2023.2207716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.\u201cTuci\u201d \u201chappy water\u201d \u201ck\u2010powdered milk\u201d \u2013 is the illicit market for ketamine expanding?2022. Accessed September 17 2024. Available at:https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/Global_SMART_Update_2022_Vol.27.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Energy Control.Tusib\u00ed: Sustancias principales2022. Accessed September 17 2024. Available at:https:\/\/energycontrol.org\/sustancias\/tusibi\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2022.2151315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.European Drug Report 2023: Trends and Developments2023. Accessed December 12 2024. Available at:https:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european-drug-report\/2023_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/DHS-07-2022-0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"MarinoJ CelonaL TroutmanM.Mystery \u2018pink cocaine\u2019 allegedly enjoyed by Diddy sees bump across NYC's drug scene. In New York post 2024. Accessed September 17 2024. Available at:https:\/\/nypost.com\/2024\/07\/04\/us-news\/mystery-pink-cocaine-linked-to-diddy-sees-bump-across-nycs-drug-scene\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"RhettMJ.'Pink cocaine' emerging as new threat in drug market experts warn. In Newsweek 2024. Accessed September 17 2024. Available at:https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/pink-cocaine-drugs-narcotics-tusi-dea-coastguard-1923902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220s107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9057-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0779-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2023.2273770"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkt054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420080674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"MierT.Chino Pacas Gabito Ballesteros pay homage to Lil Wayne on explosive single \u2018tunechi\u2019. In rolling stone 2024. Accessed September 17 2024. Available at:https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/music-latin\/chino-pacas-gabito-ballesteros-drop-tunechi-1235011391\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1761574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"Demographic subgroup trends among adolescents in the use of various licit and illicit drugs, 1975\u20132022","author":"Johnston LD","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.22-00410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1662811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200404000-00020"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.70069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T07:29:46Z","timestamp":1751441386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.70069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.70069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.70069","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}