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With a growing prevalence of persons who used cannabis in the past 12\u2009months, and the health risks associated with cannabis use, it is imperative to examine usage behavior patterns in greater detail. The present analysis measured the impact of age, time period and birth cohort on the prevalence of cannabis consumption in the past 12\u2009months in Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal study using data from 10 waves (1995\u20132021) of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA), a cross\u2010sectional nationally representative household survey of individuals between the ages of 18 and 59 or 64\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>N<jats:sub>total<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200978\u2009678 German\u2010speaking adults between the ages of 18 and 59\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010report of cannabis use in the last 12\u2009months as well as alcohol use and smoking conventional tobacco products in the last 30\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>We employed binary logistic regression using a generalized additive model to examine age, period and cohort effects, as well as covariate effects on past 12\u2010month cannabis use. Over time, both period and cohort had an increasing effect, while an increase in age corresponded to a decrease in prevalence. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) for cannabis use decreased from 9.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.17\u221210.9] at age 18\u2009years to 0.13 (95 CI = 0.10\u22120.17) at age 59\u2009years. Period effects also showed an increase, with the OR rising from 0.33 (95% CI = 0.26\u22120.43) in 1995 to 2.96 (95% CI = 2.55\u22123.43) in 2021, while cohort effects increased from 0.02 (95% CI = 0.001\u22120.05) for those born in 1936 to 16.69 (95% CI = 13.8\u221220.8) for those born in 2002. Additionally, persons using cannabis had a higher likelihood of also drinking alcohol and smoking conventional tobacco products in the last 30\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Germany, the odds of being a past\u201012\u2010month cannabis consumer appears to decline with increasing age, indicating that only a small proportion of consumers engage in cannabis use throughout their whole lives, with a peak prevalence occurring at a younger age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:54:06Z","timestamp":1750380846000},"page":"1759-1769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Age\u2013period\u2013cohort analysis of past 12\u2010month cannabis use in Germany (1995\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8980-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie S.","family":"Sch\u00f6llner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Statistik, Ludwig\u2013Maximilians\u2013Universit\u00e4t (LMU) M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Glos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Statistik, Ludwig\u2013Maximilians\u2013Universit\u00e4t (LMU) M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"M\u00f6ckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung (IFT), Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cannabinoid Research Group University Hospital, LMU M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9443-9635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva\u2010Maria","family":"Krowartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung (IFT), Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung (IFT), Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cannabinoid Research Group University Hospital, LMU M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Charlotte Fresenius University  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Olderbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung (IFT), Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cannabinoid Research Group University Hospital, LMU M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Charlotte Fresenius University  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20190229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-024-01880-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azq038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429427794-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Cannabis overview. 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