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The target population was represented by 12\u201313\u2010year\u2010old participants in the Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Young People in England Survey (SDDU) in 2004 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093958), 2006 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093377), 2014 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093145), 2016 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094874) and 2021 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093587), which are randomly sampled school\u2010based surveys with student response rates varying between 85% and 93%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention and comparator<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ASSIST intervention involved 2\u00a0days of off\u2010site training of influential students to encourage their peers not to smoke over a 10\u2010week period. The control group continued with their usual education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome was the proportion of students who self\u2010reported weekly smoking 2 years post\u2010intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of weekly smoking at the 2\u2010year follow\u2010up in the ASSIST trial in 2004 was 4.1%, 49.5% of students were girls, and 7.8% ethnic minorities. In the SDDU in 2004, the prevalence of weekly smoking was 3.6%, 47.6% students were girls and 14.4% ethnic minorities and in 2021 0.2% were weekly smokers, 48.6% girls and 27.8% ethnic minorities. The odds ratio of weekly smoking in the ASSIST trial in 2004 was 0.85 [95% confidence interval (95%\u00a0CI)\u2009=\u20090.71\u20131.02]. The estimated odds ratio in the SDDU target population in 2004 was 0.90 (95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20090.72\u20131.13), in 2014 was 0.89 (95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20090.70\u20131.14), and by 2021 was 0.88 (95%\u00a0CI\u2009=\u20090.60\u20131.28). The confidence interval ratio was used to estimate precision in the transported estimates in the target population and was 1.57 in 2004, 1.63 in 2014 and 2.13 in 2021, reflecting increasing uncertainty in the effect of ASSIST over time. Subgroup analyses showed effects were comparable when restricted to only English schools in the ASSIST trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These exploratory analyses indicate the effect of the ASSIST school\u2010based smoking prevention intervention reported in the original trial may not have been replicated in the target population over the 17\u2010year period of its licensing and roll out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T21:22:32Z","timestamp":1751923352000},"page":"2223-2230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transporting the effect of the ASSIST school\u2010based smoking prevention intervention to the Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Young People in England Survey (2004\u20132021): A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled 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