{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:09:15Z","timestamp":1788836955147,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct an exploratory analysis of the association between the mental health and emotional wellbeing of an individual and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) scores of their spouse or cohabiting partner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational study using two sources of secondary data: the Health Survey for England (HSE) and the Scottish Health Survey (SHeS). Data from 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017 (SHeS only) and 2018 (HSE only) were combined to create a single data set. The data contained household identifiers and a household grid, allowing cohabiting couples to be identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>England and Scotland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>20\u2009752 individuals (in 10\u2009376 couples) where both partners had completed the PGSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcome measures were four self\u2010reported measures of emotional wellbeing: a binary measure indicating a long\u2010term mental health condition, a scale question on life satisfaction, the twelve\u2010item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ\u201012) and the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Health and Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Gambling harms were measured using the PGSI. Controls included socio\u2010demographic\/economic characteristics, and a binary variable indicating whether the individual had spent money in the last 12\u2009months on gambling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regression models showed a statistically significant association between lower emotional wellbeing, measured by WEMWBS [Coef. 0.022; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.004\u20130.040], GHQ\u201012 Likert scale (Coef. 0.021; 95% CI = 0.000\u20130.043) and life satisfaction (Coef. 0.036; 95% CI = 0.005\u20130.067), among individuals who themselves had a PGSI score of zero but whose partner had elevated PGSI scores, when controlling for the individual's own gambling participation and other socio\u2010demographic household and individual characteristics. There was no evidence of an effect between partner's PGSI score and an increased likelihood of a long\u2010term mental health condition amongst the same group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decrements to an individual's emotional wellbeing appear to be strongly associated with increased Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) scores among their spouse\/cohabiting partner, with an individual's emotional wellbeing declining as their partner's PGSI score increases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T08:00:21Z","timestamp":1756886421000},"page":"2500-2518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the impact on emotional wellbeing of having a spouse or cohabiting partner with elevated Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) scores: Secondary analysis of cross\u2010sectional health survey data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5568-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Tipping","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Wardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4853-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Pryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1331252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494816673529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9632-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"WardleH RidoutK TippingS WilsonH MaxineanuI HillS.Gambling Survey for Great Britain \u2010 Annual report (2023): Official statistics.2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Addressing gambling harm to affected others: A scoping review","author":"Dowling NA","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13229400.2018.1513856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2021.2002384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"The family dynamics of gambling harm","author":"Collard S","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09826-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10058-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-024-01417-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/health-survey-for-england"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/collections\/scottish-health-survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"General Health Questionnaire\u201012 (GHQ\u201012)","author":"Goldberg DP.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final report","author":"Ferris J","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Gambling\u2010related harms: evidence review","author":"Public Health England","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.70154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T04:24:56Z","timestamp":1762316696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.70154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.70154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.70154","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}