{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T23:25:24Z","timestamp":1786490724150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR302215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR302215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals from sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ+) are understudied and at increased and differential risk of experiencing drug\u2010related harms when compared with the general population. We aimed to determine the case characteristics, circumstances of death and type of implicated drugs among LGBTQ+ individuals dying due to drug\u2010related causes. We also aimed to assess any differences between deaths occurring in the context of sexualised vs. non\u2010sexualised drug use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronial records submitted to the National Programme on Substance Use Mortality (NPSUM) in the United Kingdom (UK), 1997\u20132024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decedents identified as LGBTQ+.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information was available on decedent sociodemographics, characteristics of death and drugs implicated in death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 83 decedents were identified as LGBTQ+. Forty\u2010six were identified as cis men (55.4%), four as trans men (4.8%), two as cis women (2.4%) and 31 as trans women (37.3%). Forty\u2010five were identified as gay, including 44 gay men (53.0%) and one gay woman (1.2%), with three identified as bisexual (3.6%). Decedents were predominantly of White ethnicity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200968, 81.9%) with a mean age of 38.2\u00a0years (standard deviation 12.1; range 16\u201384). Overall, 16 (19.8%) cases were deemed intentional. Poisoning was the main disease or condition that was certified as the underlying cause of death (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200946, 55.4%). The median number of drugs implicated in death was 2 [Interquartile range (IQR) 1, 2] with multiple drug toxicity implicated in the majority of cases (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u200942, 50.6%). The two most common drug groups implicated in death were opioids (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200931, 37.3%) and gamma\u2010hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and related compounds (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914, 16.9%). Death occurred in the context of sexualised drug use in 21 cases (25.3%). There were statistically significantly fewer cases in which any opioid (33.9% vs. 4.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) or any benzodiazepine (21.0% vs. 0.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) were implicated when compared with cases of non\u2010sexualised drug use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the last three decades in the United Kingdom there have been consistent numbers of drug\u2010related deaths each year in which individuals were identified as LGBTQ+, results likely representing conservative estimates. A minority of drug\u2010related deaths occurred in the context of sexualised drug use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T10:55:03Z","timestamp":1758365703000},"page":"208-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics of drug\u2010related deaths among individuals identified as LGBTQ+ in the United Kingdom, 1997\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4152-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmert","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London and the South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Hillyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02252-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55980-3_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200218666171108163817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666161117151148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-023-00488-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2017.42.2.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Your chi\u2010square test is statistically significant: Now what?","volume":"20","author":"Sharpe D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/methodology\/classificationsandstandards\/otherclassifications\/thenationalstatisticssocioeconomicclassificationnssecrebasedonsoc2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CRP-120013245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/substance-misuse-treatment-for-adults-statistics-2022-to-2023\/adult-substance-misuse-treatment-statistics-2022-to-2023-report"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-8-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa158"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.70198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:24:14Z","timestamp":1765974254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.70198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.70198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.70198","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}