{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:06:53Z","timestamp":1777507613667,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis use is prevalent in Australia; however, limited research has explored the proportion of high\u2010risk, disordered cannabis use within nationally representative samples. This study aimed to address this gap by measuring the proportion of individuals meeting criteria for high\u2010risk cannabis use and identifying its correlates in a representative Australian dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Observational study using data from the 2022\u20132023 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey on respondents self\u2010reporting cannabis use in the past three months (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091504). Cannabis use risk was assessed using the World Health Organization\u2018s ASSIST\u2010Lite (WHO\u2010ASSIST\u2010Lite). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between risk and cannabis use patterns, psychological distress and sociodemographic characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most respondents had low or no risk of cannabis\u2010related problems [71.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI)_= 68.6\u201374.6%], with 22.2% (95% CI = 19.4\u201325.0%) at moderate risk and 6.2% (95% CI = 4.6\u20137.8%) at high risk. Daily consumption of cannabis was strongly associated with an increased risk of high\u2010risk use [relative risk ratio (RRR)\u2009=\u20095.70, 95% CI = 3.25\u20139.98,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001] compared with weekly use. Early initiation, particularly before age 15, was also associated with greater probability of high\u2010risk use (RRR\u2009=\u20092.52, 95% CI = 1.25\u20135.08,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), as was initiation between ages 15\u201317 (RRR\u2009=\u20092.25, 95% CI = 1.19\u20134.25,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), compared with initiation at age 18 or older. Respondents who reported psychological distress had an increased risk of high\u2010risk cannabis use (RRR\u2009=\u20093.19, 95% CI = 1.66\u20136.11,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A substantial proportion of Australians who consume cannabis appear to meet criteria for high\u2010risk use. Daily use, early age of initiation and high psychological distress may be key risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T08:15:22Z","timestamp":1762589722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RETRACTED: Proportions and correlates of high\u2010risk cannabis use in Australia\u2014A cross\u2010sectional analysis of the 2022\u20132023 National Drug Strategy Household Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janni","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4307-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Stjepanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7569-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary Chung Kai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1984-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne Denis","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.14062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00247-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022\u20132023. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/illicit-use-of-drugs\/national-drug-strategy-household-survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.543653"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-devpsych-040320-084904"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.111263"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/add.70453","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000}},{"DOI":"10.1111\/add.70453","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"record-id":"70334"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.70234","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.70234","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.70234","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T10:29:32Z","timestamp":1776248972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.70234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.70234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.70234","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"add.70234"}}