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Often perceived as a safe drug, MDMA can display an array of toxic effects on multiple organs, with hyponatraemia (a low blood sodium concentration that can cause an altered mental state) being increasingly reported. Although hyponatraemia\n                    <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>\n                    is among the most common electrolyte disorders encountered in clinical care, acute MDMA\u2010induced hyponatraemia was first described in 1993 and constitutes a life\u2010threatening condition if left untreated, particularly among women, who present higher incidence rates and increased odds of developing severe clinical effects. The present review outlines the main clinical manifestations and prevalence of MDMA\u2010induced hyponatraemia, its pathophysiological mechanisms and the therapeutical approaches to correct this electrolyte imbalance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:05Z","timestamp":1765238405000},"page":"713-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rare but relevant: MDMA and hyponatraemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0914-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado i4HB\u2010Instituto para a Sa\u00fade e a Bioeconomia, Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO, Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8727-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson G. 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