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This meta\u2010analysis aimed to estimate mean effect sizes of performance in social cognition in people with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic literature search was conducted in May 2024 to identify research articles that examined social cognition in patients with KS and control groups. Weighted effect sizes (Hedges'\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were calculated for the three levels of social cognition: emotion perception, social interpretation and socio\u2010cognitive integration. There was no restriction on setting. Instruments examining emotion perception (facial emotion recognition and prosody), interpretation (mentalizing, self\u2010awareness and empathy) and socio\u2010cognitive integration (moral reasoning and social knowledge) were used in the included studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirteen studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009622; 292 KS, 330 controls) showed that individuals with KS performed statistically significantly worse across all domains of social cognition compared with controls. Large effect sizes were found in emotion perception [\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22121.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = \u22121.46 to \u22120.81),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u200958.5%, 8 studies,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009372], with comparable effect sizes for facial emotion recognition and prosody. In social interpretation (\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22120.77, 95% CI = \u22121.34 to \u22120.21,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.007, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u200996.6%, 4 studies,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009188), a large effect was found for mentalizing (\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22121.05, 95% CI = \u22121.61 to \u22120.50,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u200974.1%; 3 studies,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009120). In socio\u2010cognitive integration (\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22120.74, 95% CI = \u22121.11 to \u22120.37,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090%, 3 studies,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009184), social knowledge showed a large effect size (\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22120.81, 95% CI = \u22121.24 to \u22120.38,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, 1 study,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009104). Results for empathy (\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22120.43, 95% CI = \u22121.05 to 0.20,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.18, 1 study,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940), self\u2010awareness (\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22120.21, 95% CI = \u22120.47 to 0.05,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.12, 1 study,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200968) and moral reasoning (\n                      <jats:italic>k\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a02,\n                      <jats:italic>g\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u22120.54, 95% CI = \u22121.28 to 0.19,\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a00.15, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090%; 2 studies,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200980) were uncertain, with possible important differences in both directions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis shows that people with Korsakoff's syndrome perform statistically significantly worse than controls on socio\u2010cognitive measures, with the largest effect sizes in the perception and interpretation of social information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:39:01Z","timestamp":1763537941000},"page":"765-776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social cognition in Korsakoff's syndrome: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Kyra","family":"Wijnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol\u2010related Cognitive Disorders  Venray the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem S.","family":"Eikelboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol\u2010related Cognitive Disorders  Venray the Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Radboud University  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne C. 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