{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:15Z","timestamp":1787013795747,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To describe differences in the expression of genes encoding cannabinoid receptors (\n                      <jats:italic>CNR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>CNR2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), the associated receptor\n                      <jats:italic>GRP55<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (\n                      <jats:italic>FAAH<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and monoacylglycerol lipase (\n                      <jats:italic>MGLL<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) between individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and controls in key mesocorticolimbic brain regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2010control, observational postmortem study comparing gene expression in brain tissue from individuals diagnosed with AUD and matched controls. The study was not pre\u2010registered and should therefore be considered exploratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain collection from the New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre (NSWTRC) at the University of Sydney, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants\/cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain samples were obtained from 18 patients with AUD (mean alcohol use = 35.5 \u00b1 8.7 drinking years) and 18 controls (C). Groups were matched for age (AUD: 55.8 \u00b1 9; C: 56.3 \u00b1 9.4) and postmortem interval (AUD: 39.7 \u00b1 16.9 h; C: 31.8 \u00b1 13.2 h).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Relative gene expression of\n                      <jats:italic>CNR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>CNR2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>GPR55<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>FAAH<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>MGLL<\/jats:italic>\n                      was quantified using real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with controls, individuals with AUD showed higher\n                      <jats:italic>CNR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the PFC (+125%) and NAc (+78%) and lower\n                      <jats:italic>CNR<\/jats:italic>\n                      2 expression in both regions (PFC: \u221250%; NAc: \u221249%).\n                      <jats:italic>GPR55<\/jats:italic>\n                      was higher in the PFC (+19%) and lower in the NAc (\u221251%).\n                      <jats:italic>FAAH<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was lower in the PFC (\u221215%) and higher in the NAc (+24%), whereas\n                      <jats:italic>MGLL<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression did not differ in the PFC and was lower in the NAc (\u221215%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive postmortem study identifying region\u2010specific differences in endocannabinoid system gene expression between individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and controls supports an involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the neuropathological features associated with AUD, although causal relationships cannot be inferred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:44:36Z","timestamp":1766389476000},"page":"1179-1189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endocannabinoid system gene expression in mesocorticolimbic brain regions of individuals with alcohol use disorder: A descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Salud","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Campus de San Juan Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010CSIC  Alicante Spain"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria de Adicciones Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante (ISABIAL)  Alicante Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham Bail\u00e9n","family":"Torregrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias, Campus de San Juan Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010CSIC  Alicante Spain"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria de Adicciones Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante (ISABIAL)  Alicante 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