{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:09:52Z","timestamp":1778256592920,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characterizing distinct quitting trajectories may inform tailored behavioral smoking cessation interventions. We identified the quitting trajectories and associated characteristics in Hong Kong Chinese smokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from eight randomized controlled trials nested within the annual Smoking\u2010free Community Campaign (\u2018Quit\u2010to\u2010Win\u2019 Contest) from 2014 to 2021. The trials were two\u2010 or three\u2010arm evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral smoking cessation interventions in 8300 adult daily smokers who were proactively recruited from communities across Hong Kong and followed\u2010up at 1, 2, 3 and 6\u00a0months. Daily cigarette consumption was collected at baseline and follow\u2010ups for identifying quitting trajectories by group\u2010based trajectory modeling based on relative changes in cigarette consumption (vs. baseline) over four follow\u2010up assessment points. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to yield relative risk ratios (RRRs) for the trajectories by baseline smoking\u2010related characteristics, adjusting for sex, age, economic status and education attainment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four quitting trajectories were identified, including quitters (4.6%), relapsers (6.8%), reducers (54.8%) and persistent smokers (33.8%). Compared with persistent smokers, smokers in the other 3 trajectories were associated with having previous quit attempts, higher intention to quit and perceived higher importance and confidence in quitting (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Quitters [adjusted RRR (aRRR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62\u20131.00] and relapsers (aRRR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61\u20130.91) reported lower nicotine dependence vs. persistent smokers, whereas reducers showed higher nicotine dependence (aRRR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.25\u20131.55) at baseline. Relapsers and reducers perceived higher difficulty of quitting (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). When compared with quitters, relapsers had higher intention to quit within 7\u00a0days (aRRR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.64\u20133.28) and perceived higher importance (aRRR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.09\u20131.25) and confidence (aRRR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04\u20131.17) in quitting, while reducers showed lower intention to quit within 7\u00a0days (aRRR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.45\u20130.77) and perceived lower confidence in quitting (aRRR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86\u20130.95). Subgroup analysis of different interventions showed similar trajectory shapes and group probabilities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chinese smokers who joined behavioral smoking cessation trials in Hong Kong appear to have four quitting trajectories, each with associated characteristics, which may help predict the potential quitting trajectories and inform future interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T10:15:18Z","timestamp":1768644918000},"page":"1568-1579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quitting trajectories of Hong Kong Chinese smokers receiving behavioral smoking cessation interventions: A\n                    <i>post hoc<\/i>\n                    analysis of eight randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9920-9741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingpei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0226-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongda Socrates","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7056-1976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu Tsun","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3024-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng Zhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4727-9101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziqiu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 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