{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:49:41Z","timestamp":1782272981737,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP140262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP140262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA016672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By assessing neuroaffective response to motivationally relevant cues before a quit attempt, we have shown that smokers who attribute greater incentive salience to cigarette\u2010related cues than non\u2010cigarette\u2010related rewards (Sign\u2010trackers, ST) benefit more from varenicline compared with smokers with the opposite neuroaffective reactivity profile (Goal\u2010trackers, GT). This proof\u2010of\u2010concept trial aimed to extend this work by testing whether the efficacy of varenicline relative to nicotine replacement treatment differs across the two neuroaffective reactivity profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 2\u2010group, double\u2010blind, randomized controlled clinical trial with stratification on ST versus GT classification (based on baseline\u2010assessed neuroaffective reactivity profiles) for adults seeking to quit smoking using varenicline or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital\u2010based outpatient clinic specializing in smoking cessation treatment, located in Houston, Texas, USA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>158 community volunteers (78 randomized to varenicline and 80 to NRT): 18\u201375\u2009years of age, smoking 5 or more cigarettes\/day and without severe comorbid psychiatric disorders, uncontrolled medical illnesses or contraindications for pharmacotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions and comparators<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve weeks of varenicline or NRT combined with brief cessation counseling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcome: continuous smoking abstinence over the last 4\u00a0weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes: continuous abstinence at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month follow\u2010ups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a Bayesian approach, we estimated the probability that an interaction between treatment and neuroaffective profile exists. We pre\u2010specified a probability above 80% as evidence for an interaction. Logistic regression indicated a 92.7% probability that an interaction between treatment and neuroaffective profile exists, exceeding the pre\u2010specified threshold. Individuals with the ST profile responded better to varenicline than to NRT. At the end of treatment, the ST group showed a 35% Absolute Risk Difference (ARD) favoring varenicline over NRT (absolute cessation rates: 47% and 11%, respectively). In contrast, among individuals with the GT profile, the benefit of varenicline was smaller, with an ARD of 13% (absolute cessation rates of 29% for varenicline and 17% for NRT). The varenicline advantage for the ST group persisted at 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month follow\u2010ups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smokers seeking to quit who attribute greater incentive salience to cigarette\u2010related cues than non\u2010cigarette\u2010related rewards benefit more from varenicline than from nicotine replacement therapy. These findings support using neuroaffective biomarkers to inform personalized smoking cessation interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:04:11Z","timestamp":1771639451000},"page":"1888-1898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalizing smoking cessation pharmacotherapy using neuroaffective reactivity profiles: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2107-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Versace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menton M.","family":"Deweese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaboration for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning Vanderbilt University  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Minnix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kypriotakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokhun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5883-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maher","family":"Karam\u2010Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2877-9928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Cinciripini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Office of the Surgeon General.The Health Consequences of Smoking \u2014 50 Years of Progress A Report of the Surgeon General. 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