{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:58:13Z","timestamp":1790722693534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endorsement of traditional masculine norms and male alcohol use are identified risk factors for male\u2010to\u2010female intimate partner violence (MFIPV) perpetration, yet their interaction remains unexplored in Australia. This study aimed to estimate the associations between heavy male alcohol use, endorsement of traditional masculine norms and MFIPV perpetration, and test their interaction among Australian men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of nationally representative data from Wave 1 (2013\u20132014) of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 12\u2009284 men who were Australian citizens or permanent residents aged 18\u2009years or older who identified as heterosexual and answered any of the MFIPV items.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was lifetime MFIPV perpetration assessed through three items on frightening, physically harming or forcing sex on a partner. Predictors included past\u2010year heavy episodic drinking (HED) and endorsement of masculine norms. Sociodemographics, other drug use, depression, anxiety and sexual performance problems were included as covariates. Multivariable logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to examine associations between sociodemographics, specific masculine norms, HED, total masculinity scores and perpetrating MFIPV. An interaction between HED and masculinity on MFIPV was also tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 12\u2009284 men (M\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200938.3\u2009years), 2947 (23.8%, 95% CI = 22.7\u201325.0) reported lifetime perpetration of MFIPV, with men aged 30\u201349\u2009years reporting the highest perpetration rate (26.8%, 95% CI = 24.5\u201329.1). Higher mean scores on\n                      <jats:italic>playboy, risk\u2010taking, self\u2010reliance, power over women<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>violence<\/jats:italic>\n                      norms were associated with increased odds of reporting MFIPV perpetration, whereas greater scores on\n                      <jats:italic>emotional control, primacy of work<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>heterosexual presentation<\/jats:italic>\n                      norms appeared protective. Past\u2010year HED [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.05\u20131.48] and greater total masculinity scores (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01\u20131.04) were both independently associated with statistically significantly higher odds of reporting lifetime MFIPV perpetration. A statistically significant interaction effect revealed higher total masculinity scores were associated with increased odds of MFIPV perpetration among men with past\u2010year HED, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and covariates (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00\u20131.06,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035), but not among men who did not engage in HED.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among Australian men, heavy episodic drinking appears to modify the association between traditional norms of masculinity and reporting male\u2010to\u2010female intimate partner violence, with stronger endorsement of traditional masculine norms associated with higher odds of perpetration among men reporting past\u2010year heavy episodic drinking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:15:12Z","timestamp":1771640112000},"page":"1445-1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the intersection of heavy alcohol use and masculine norms as risk factors for male\u2010to\u2010female intimate partner violence: Evidence from an Australian national survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7857-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bree","family":"Willoughby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9790-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koen","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology  Singapore"},{"name":"Judith Lumley Centre La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5616-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5652-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Marie","family":"Laslett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Care Economy Research Institute La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Intimate Partner Violence Online: WHO;2022. 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