{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:49:22Z","timestamp":1782272962234,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent increasing interest in hallucinogens has underscored the critical gaps in our understanding of their adverse health effects and healthcare usage over time. The current study aimed to examine changes in emergency department (ED) visit rates involving hallucinogens, clinical outcomes of visits and the characteristics of individuals with ED visits involving hallucinogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross\u2010sectional study using health administrative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ontario, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All individuals aged 10\u2009years and older living in Ontario, Canada, from 2008 to 2023 (population of 13\u2009492\u2009974 in 2023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Annual rates of ED visits involving hallucinogens overall and by demographic and clinical subgroups. Linear regression was used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates of visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 7735 individuals with an ED visit involving hallucinogens [median (interquartile range) age at the time of visit, 24 (19\u201333) years; 71.5% male] who incurred 8274 visits. Visits displayed high acuity, with 54% arriving by ambulance and 13.2% requiring hospitalization. In 42% of visits another substance or co\u2010morbid mental health diagnosis was noted as contributing to the visit. Annual rates of ED visits involving hallucinogens increased by 97.9% between 2008 and 2023 (3.3 to 6.5 visits per 100\u2009000 individuals) with visits increasing on average by 5.6% per year [AAPC = 5.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.9%, 7.3%]. Relative increases between 2008 and 2023 were higher in those aged 25\u201344 (relative change (RC) 192.5%: AAPC = 8.5%; 95% CI = 6.0, 11.0] compared with other ages (age 45\u2009+\u2009RC 125%: AAPC = 5.5%; 95% CI = 3.6, 7.3; age 19\u201324 RC 75.0%: AAPC = 5.3%; 95% CI = 3.4, 7.3). Visits increased more in individuals with anxiety disorders (RC 247%: AAPC = 7.5%; 95% CI = 5.2%, 9.9%) or prior diagnosis of schizophrenia (RC 401%: AAPC = 12.2; 95% CI = 8.2%, 16.4%) than those without any mental health disorder (RC 85.5%: AAPC = 4.9%; 95% CI = 3.1, 6.7). Comparable changes over time were observed in males (RC 101.1%: AAPC = 4.7; 95% CI = 2.9, 6.5) and females (RC 85.9%: AAPC = 6.0%;\u00a095% CI = 4.2, 7.8) and for those in the richest (RC 124.0%:\u00a0AAPC = 5.7%; 95% CI = 4.6%, 6.9%) or poorest neighbourhoods (RC 70.2%: AAPC = 5.2%; 95% CI = 3.7%, 6.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 97.9% increase in emergency department visits involving hallucinogens in Ontario, Canada, from 2008 to 2023 may reflect rising hallucinogen use and the need for ongoing monitoring, particularly in adults aged 25\u201344\u2009years and those with co\u2010morbid mental health diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:36:50Z","timestamp":1773376610000},"page":"1781-1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes over time in hallucinogen\u2010related emergency department visits in Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8038-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Myran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine North York General Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Health Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"MacDonald\u2010Spracklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Health Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Levesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES uOttawa Ottawa Hospital Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess G.","family":"Fiedorowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1734-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 J.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton  Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Rosenblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Colman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Health Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Solmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Health Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"ICES uOttawa Ottawa Hospital Research Institute  Ottawa Ontario 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