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This study evaluated an array of measures from the three ANA domains in relation to AUD diagnostic status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional case\u2013control study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate diagnostic classification validity using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Exploratory multivariate models using logistic regression were also evaluated using the same metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were 189 general community adults (52% AUD+, 57% female, M\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200932) recruited in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Classifiers included measures that conceptually mapped on to the three ANA domains of incentive salience (e.g. alcohol cue reactivity), negative emotionality (e.g. anxiety symptoms, coping motives) and executive function (e.g. NIH\u2010toolkit cognition battery). The clinical criterion (reference standard) was AUD diagnostic status per structured clinical interview.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incentive salience indices had AUCs from 0.55\u20130.85; negative emotionality indices had AUCs from 0.67\u20130.89; and executive function indices had AUCs from 0.51\u20130.58. For incentive salience, cravings in the cue reactivity paradigm and enhancement motives identified AUD diagnosis above accepted benchmarks for clinical utility. For negative emotionality, coping motives exhibited high diagnostic validity, exceeding clinical utility benchmarks. Exploratory multivariate models combining these indices outperformed the single indicator models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study broadly supports using the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) framework for assessing alcohol use disorder (AUD) \u2013 specifically the motivational indices from the incentive salience and negative emotionality domains \u2013 for the development of next generation diagnostic assessments of AUD using theoretically informed mechanisms. As such, it reflects a further step in moving ANA toward utilization in clinical research and practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:38:24Z","timestamp":1773905904000},"page":"1810-1823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic validity of Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment indices for alcohol use disorder: Findings from an observational case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4595-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly L.","family":"Garber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton  Hamilton Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University  Hamilton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"McIntyre\u2010Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton  Hamilton Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton  Hamilton Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Amlung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Behavioral Science University of Kansas  Lawrence KS USA"},{"name":"Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment University of Kansas  Lawrence KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence H.","family":"Sweet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"MacKillop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton  Hamilton Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University  Hamilton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-025-02257-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00950-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Addiction is a reward deficit and stress surfeit disorder","volume":"4","author":"Koob GF","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1381","volume-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation","author":"Shippenberg TS","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Reinforcement theory and the dynamics of alcoholism. 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