{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:49:41Z","timestamp":1785761381350,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis use is prevalent in Australia, however, limited research has explored the levels of high\u2010risk cannabis use within nationally representative samples. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the proportion of individuals meeting criteria for high\u2010risk cannabis use and identifying its correlates in a representative Australian dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Observational study using data from the 2022\u20132023 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey on respondents self\u2010reporting cannabis use every few months or more frequently (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091504). The outcome variable was the past 3\u00a0month cannabis use risk, assessed using the World Health Organization\u2018s ASSIST\u2010Lite (WHO\u2010ASSIST\u2010Lite). A multinomial logistic regression on cannabis risk levels (moderate and high vs low) was conducted, with cannabis use patterns, psychological distress, and sociodemographic characteristics as independent variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An estimated 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6, 7.8) of people who consume cannabis met criteria for high\u2010risk cannabis use. Prevalence was substantially higher among individuals who used cannabis daily (14.8% [10.2, 19.3]) compared with those who used it weekly (5.5% [2.7, 8.2]; relative risk ratio (RRR)\u2009=\u20095.70 [3.25, 9.98],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Early initiation, particularly before age 15, was also associated with greater risk of high\u2010risk use (RRR\u2009=\u20092.52 [1.25, 5.08],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), compared with initiation at age 18 or older. Respondents who reported psychological distress had an increased risk of high\u2010risk cannabis use (RRR\u2009=\u20093.19 [1.66, 6.11],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A minority proportion of Australians who consume cannabis appear to meet criteria for high\u2010risk use. Daily use, early age of initiation, and high psychological distress may be key risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T10:29:30Z","timestamp":1776248970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proportions and correlates of high\u2010risk cannabis use in Australia\u2014A cross\u2010sectional analysis of the 2022\u20132023 National Drug Strategy Household Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janni","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St. Lucia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4307-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Stjepanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St. Lucia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7569-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary Chung Kai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St. Lucia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1984-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne Denis","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St. Lucia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  St. Lucia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.14062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00247-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.National Drug Strategy 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