{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:49:33Z","timestamp":1782272973580,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethiopia, with a population exceeding 130 million, presents a complex landscape for understanding substance use disorders. The country's diverse cultural heritage, varying regional practices, and evolving socioeconomic conditions create unique factors of substance use that differ markedly from global trends. Traditional substances like khat and locally brewed alcohols exist alongside emerging threats from cannabis, injecting drug use, and other illicit substances. This paper describes the epidemiology, societal impact, and policy responses to alcohol, tobacco, khat, and other psychoactive substances in Ethiopia. The interplay between economic interests, cultural practices, and public health imperatives creates a complex drug policy environment requiring nuanced, evidence\u2010based approaches that balance harm reduction with sociocultural realities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:36:54Z","timestamp":1773905814000},"page":"1934-1941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regional perspectives: Substance use related problems in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3188-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tesfa M.","family":"Yimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wubalem","family":"Fekadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa  Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janni","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awoke","family":"Mihretu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa  Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Teferra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa  Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"The African roots of marijuana","author":"Duvall C.S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.01.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jef.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42779-025-00287-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-017-0100-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Magnitude and predictors of excessive alcohol use in Ethiopia: Findings from the 2015 national non\u2010communicable diseases STEPS survey","volume":"31","author":"Getachew T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Central Statistical Agency.Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016.2017 CSA and ICF: Addis Ababa Ethiopia."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2911-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Magnitude and predictors of excessive alcohol use in Ethiopia","volume":"31","author":"Getachew T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"Prevalence of khat chewing and associated factors in Ethiopia: Findings from the 2015 national non\u2010communicable diseases STEPS survey","volume":"31","author":"Teklie H","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000\u20132030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1820-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Xinhua.2019;Ethiopia destroys over 7 hectares of cannabis farms. 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