{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:49:42Z","timestamp":1790617782725,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a pressing public health concern in the United States, and understanding trends in prevalence requires considerations of how changes in measurement influence identification of CUD. Starting in 2021, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) assessed CUD using all 11\n                      <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Fifth Edition (DSM\u20105) criteria in their entire sample; before then, studies could use a nine\u2010criteria DSM\u20105\u2010proxy measure based on shared DSM\u2010IV criteria. We aimed to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with additionally identified CUD when using the full DSM\u20105 measure compared with the DSM\u20105\u2010proxy measure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational study using nationally representative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      39\u2009973 participants ages 12\u2009+\u2009who reported past\u2010year cannabis use in the 2021\u20132023 NSDUH (weighted\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200957\u2009872\u2009556).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Additionally identified mild, moderate, or severe CUD was defined as meeting 2\u20133, 4\u20135, or 6\u2009+\u2009of the 11 DSM\u20105 criteria and not meeting the same thresholds with the nine DSM\u20105\u2010proxy criteria. Multinomial logistic regression models compared characteristics of people with additionally identified mild (vs. none), moderate (vs. mild), and severe (vs. moderate) CUD. We also calculated the percentage of people meeting each of the 11 criteria who had additionally identified CUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among people who reported past\u2010year cannabis use, 30.5% had DSM\u20105 CUD, including 7.9% with additionally identified mild CUD not previously identified using the DSM\u20105\u2010proxy measure, 6.9% with additionally identified moderate CUD and 3.4% with additionally identified severe CUD. People who were younger (vs. 35\u201349); multiracial (vs. white); non\u2010Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (vs. white); or publicly insured or uninsured (vs. privately insured only) were more likely to have additionally identified CUD and\/or CUD severity. People who were older (vs. 35\u201349); Hispanic (vs. white); were non\u2010Hispanic Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander (vs. white); reported female sex (vs. male); or had annual income greater than $75\u2009000 (vs. &lt;$20\u2009000) were less likely to have additionally identified CUD and\/or CUD severity. Additionally identified CUD was most common among those meeting \u201ccraving\u201d (25.0%), \u201cwithdrawal\u201d (20.3%), and \u201cspending time\u201d (14.8%) criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The full\n                      <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Fifth Edition (DSM\u20105) measure of cannabis use disorder (CUD) additionally identified CUD differentially across sociodemographic groups in the United States, compared with the DSM\u20105\u2010proxy measure. Some groups (e.g., people younger than 35\u2009years old, people with any public or no insurance, and people who are multi\u2010racial or non\u2010Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native) may need more CUD\u2010related services and support than previously expected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T07:51:46Z","timestamp":1775461906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification of cannabis use disorder using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM\u20105) versus DSM\u20105\u2010proxy measures: Differences by socio\u2010demographic characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6478-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan L.","family":"Eschliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Annunziato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole D.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia M.","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research  New Brunswick NJ USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public Health  Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15070907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.The health and social effects of nonmedical Cannabis use. 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