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The analysis was undertaken from both an abridged societal (consideration of direct cost of care) and a societal (consideration of direct and indirect costs) perspective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India (national and sub\u2010national level analysis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>15\u201374\u2009years population segregated by gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions and comparators<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention was 10\u2010year annual population\u2010based screening for alcohol use disorders using alcohol use disorder identification test by community health workers at primary care facilities. The comparator was \u2018usual care\u2019 scenario of diagnosis and management of symptomatic AUD patients, considering care seeking patterns in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in life years, quality\u2010adjusted life years (QALYs), alcohol attributable deaths and morbidities, direct costs and indirect costs in the comparative scenarios, along with incremental cost\u2010utility ratio (ICUR), benefit\u2013cost ratio and net monetary benefit. ICUR was evaluated using the per\u2010capita gross domestic product (GDP) threshold of \u20b9171\u2009498 (US$2182), as per Indian economic evaluation guidelines. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the parameters that are likely to have an impact on efficiency of the screening programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AUD universal screening programme was associated with a gain of 71.16 million QALYs at population level, with approximately one\u2010fourth reduction in the incidence of alcohol\u2010attributable conditions. The ICUR value indicated that the programme is likely to be cost\u2010effective from an abridged societal perspective. The intervention is projected to generate a gain of \u20b98.21 (US$1.03) trillion, equivalent to per year gain of 0.59% of GDP, based on the abridged societal perspective. The deterministic sensitivity analysis indicated that reductions in diagnostic accuracy of the screening method, prevalence of AUD and treatment coverage had an inverse impact on the ICURs and could impact efficiency of the programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is good health and economic evidence to support the integration of alcohol use disorder screening and management within routine primary care. It would be essential to deploy measures for effectiveness of the screening tool and continuity of care to enhance efficiency of the programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1778674203000},"page":"2341-2352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health and economic impact of universal screening and management of alcohol use disorders in India: An economic modelling study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Purohit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhmohan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1116-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atul","family":"Ambekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Duseja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish N.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences  Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathirvel","family":"Soundappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Kotwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Systems Resource Centre  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shankar","family":"Prinja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/err.2020.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2017.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2020.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-1-4648-0426-7_ch7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62089-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.mhGAP intervention guide for mental neurological and substance use disorders in non\u2010specialized health settings: mental health gap action Programme (mhGAP) \u2013 version 2.0. 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