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However, its cutoff values may not suit all purposes, and evidence on its predictive validity is limited. We examined how AUDIT\u2010C scores relate to subsequent register\u2010based alcohol\u2010attributable events across age and sex and identified optimal thresholds for predicting these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five general population surveys conducted in 2011\u20132017, linked to nationwide registers with follow\u2010up until the end of 2023 (total follow\u2010up 879\u2009964 person\u2010years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nationwide, Finland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adults aged \u226520\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009103\u2009567).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AUDIT\u2010C to assess exposure. Outcome: incident alcohol\u2010attributable events in any of the registers capturing care, deaths and prescription medicines (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091444).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The hazard of register\u2010based alcohol\u2010attributable events increased approximately exponentially with increasing AUDIT\u2010C score. It rose more strongly among women than men [hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20091.61, 95% confidence interval\u2009(CI) =\u20091.55\u20131.67 for women; HR\u2009=\u20091.45, 95% CI = 1.40\u20131.49 for men;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 for the sex \u00d7 AUDIT\u2010C interaction]. The risk of alcohol\u2010attributable events was statistically significantly raised at 2 points among women and 3 points among men with 1 point as a reference level. The suggested optimal cutoff values were 2 points for women aged \u226580, 3 points for women aged 65\u201379 and men aged \u226580, 5 points for women aged 20\u201364 and men aged 65\u201379 and 6 points for men aged 20\u201364.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test \u2013 Consumption (AUDIT\u2010C) scores, optimal cutoff values for predicting alcohol\u2010attributable harm may differ by age and sex, with lower cutoffs for older individuals and women. The \u226565 age group appears to be heterogeneous with regard to vulnerability to alcohol\u2010attributable harm, which should be considered when establishing cutoffs or guidelines for alcohol use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T01:47:02Z","timestamp":1779760022000},"page":"2330-2340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictive validity of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test \u2013 Consumption (AUDIT\u2010C) for register\u2010based alcohol\u2010attributable events among general\u2010population men and women of different ages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-2139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7825-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Reinikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4146-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Callinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marke","family":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5983-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaisa","family":"Kuurne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomi","family":"Lintonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1130-9161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solja","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Mental Health and Addiction Services, Wellbeing Services County of South\u2010West Finland  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4707-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonna","family":"Levola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"AUDIT\u2014the alcohol use disorders identification test: guidelines for use in primary care","author":"Babor TF","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"SaundersJB AaslandOG World Health Organization Division of Mental Health.WHO Collaborative Project on the Identification and Treatment of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption. 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