{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:02:00Z","timestamp":1789538520264,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006364","name":"Institut National Du Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INCa\u2010IRESP_16810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INCa\u2010IRESP_16810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) youth represent a vulnerable population from a public health perspective, facing multiple health challenges, including elevated substance use. Tobacco and cannabis are the most commonly used psychoactive substances among young people, with early initiation associated with long\u2010term health and social consequences. While evidence suggests associations between NEET status and substance use, data remain limited regarding patterns of use and potential variations across different NEET profiles. This study aimed to characterise tobacco and cannabis use within the NEET population, taking into account the diversity of profiles, and to compare it with that of the general population, including employed youth and students, in order to inform targeted prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis included observational studies examining tobacco and cannabis use among NEET youth aged 15\u201329\u2009years. A search was conducted for observational studies available on PubMed, PsycINFO, Cairn and Web of Science databases and published between 1999 and 2025. Analyses studied the variations in use among NEET profiles and compared NEET against employed youth, student and general population controls. Random\u2010effects models generated pooled crude odds ratios. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted based on study quality, gender and type of comparison population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010five studies were included and analysed, including a total of 91\u2009085 individuals. A statistically significant association between NEET status and both tobacco use [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.46\u20132.53] and current cannabis use (OR\u2009=\u20092.14, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.68\u20132.71) was found. Current smoking was statistically significantly more prevalent among NEET than among students (OR\u2009=\u20093.05, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.31\u20134.03), but not statistically significantly different compared with young workers (OR\u2009=\u20091.10, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.91\u20131.34). NEET demonstrated statistically significantly higher cannabis use compared with both students (OR\u2009=\u20091.81, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.34\u20132.44) and workers (OR\u2009=\u20091.67, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.21\u20132.31). A higher prevalence of cannabis use disorder among young people with NEET status (31.93%) was observed compared with their non\u2010NEET peers (12.12%), but no statistically significant association was found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Youth Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) appear to show higher tobacco and cannabis use compared with their peers. Given these findings, targeted prevention strategies addressing substance use in NEET populations are essential to reduce social health inequities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:31:12Z","timestamp":1780367472000},"page":"2591-2606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tobacco and cannabis use in the young \u2018Not in Employment, Education or Training\u2019\u00a0population: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9914-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Eyraud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM ECEVE  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM ECEVE  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM ECEVE  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP, Nord \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Robert Debr\u00e9 Clinical Epidemiology Unit, CIC 1426  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut National d'Etudes D\u00e9mographiques (INED), UR14 \u2013 Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights  Aubervilliers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM ECEVE  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP, Nord \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Robert Debr\u00e9 Clinical Epidemiology Unit, CIC 1426  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00ebtitia","family":"Minary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine INSPIIRE  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Dumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Institut des sciences de la sant\u00e9 publique (ISSPAM), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 et Traitement de l'information M\u00e9dicale (SESSTIM), CALIPSO Team  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enora","family":"Le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM ECEVE  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP, Nord \u2013 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, INSERM, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Robert Debr\u00e9 Clinical Epidemiology Unit, CIC 1426  Paris France"},{"name":"University Center for Adolescent and Young Adult Health Fondation Sant\u00e9 des Etudiants de France  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/grr011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Social Exclusion Unit.Bridging the Gap: New opportunities for 16\u201318 years olds not in education employment or trainning Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister by Command of Her Majesty. 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