{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:04:51Z","timestamp":1783998291764,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used Australian longitudinal data to examine the effect of being fired or made redundant on alcohol and tobacco use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fixed effect panel analyses of 19 waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, a voluntary representative longitudinal survey of over 17\u2009000 Australians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>143\u2009517 survey responses from 15\u2009934 individuals, with the effective sample varying by analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcome variables were drinking status (drinker\/non\u2010drinker), drinking frequency (days per week\/month), drinking amount (number of standard drinks), smoking status (smoker\/non\u2010smoker), tobacco consumption (packets per week). Covariates included age, sex, Indigenous status, marital status, country of birth (Australia vs. other country), remoteness of residence, year 12 completion, mental health [measured using the mental health component of the 36\u2010Item Short Form Health Survey (SF36)], poor health, low socio\u2010economic status, whether separated\/divorced in the last 12\u2009months, whether experienced a sudden loss of income in the last 12\u2009months and survey year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjusting for the effects of other factors, there is no statistically significant association between being fired and the risk that a non\u2010drinker will initiate or return to drinking alcohol [odds ratio (OR) = 0.889, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.894\u20131.093]. Nor is there a statistically significant association between being fired and the frequency with which a drinker drinks [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.008, 95% CI = 0.999\u20131.016)]. There is an association between being fired and the amount of alcohol consumed (IRR = 1.030, 95% CI = 1.018\u20131.093), but the association is weak. Being fired is associated with an increase in the likelihood of initiating or returning to tobacco use (OR = 1.276, 95% CI = 1.153\u20131.412) and with the quantity of tobacco smoked (IRR = 1.024, 95% CI = 1.003\u20131.046). In the latter case, however, the effect is small.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There appears to be limited evidence that being fired or made redundant in the past year increases alcohol and\/or tobacco consumption among Australians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:20:52Z","timestamp":1783995652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between job loss and alcohol and tobacco use"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-8232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Don","family":"Weatherburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South 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