{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:36:53Z","timestamp":1789810613044,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the efficacy of a mobile phone\u2010based brief intervention aimed at reducing driving under the influence of cannabis among emerging adult cannabis users in the context of a randomized 3\u2010group randomized clinical trial (RCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phase II, 3\u2010arm RCT conducted from October 2022 to September 2025, with participants randomized to one of three conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited from Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, KY, and the surrounding community within a 60\u2010mile radius. All interventions were delivered remotely via mobile phone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>149 emerging adults who reported driving under the influence of cannabis at least three times in the past 3 months were enrolled in the RCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention and comparator<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants in the personalized feedback and motivational interviewing text messaging group (PF\u2009+\u2009MIT;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945) received personalized feedback on substance\u2010impaired driving plus a series of interactive, motivational interviewing\u2010style text messages delivered by a trained graduate student over a single session. Participants in the personalized feedback group (PF;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950) received personalized feedback only. The information control group (IC;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200954) received standard, non\u2010personalized substance use information.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the number of times driving under the influence of cannabis in the past 3\u00a0months, which was self\u2010reported via mobile web survey during follow\u2010up assessments at 3 and 6 months post\u2010intervention. The secondary outcome was the number of times driving after simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in the past 3\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Negative binomial mixed models analyses indicated that participants in the PF\u2009+\u2009MIT group showed statistically significantly greater reductions in driving under the influence of cannabis at 3\u00a0months compared with the IC group [incidence rate ratio (IRR)\u2009=\u20090.34, 66% reduction;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001] and maintained reductions at 6\u00a0months (IRR\u2009=\u20090.40, 60% reduction;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Participants in the PF group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in driving under the influence of cannabis at 6\u00a0months relative to the IC group (IRR\u2009=\u20090.25, 75% reduction;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No statistically significant differences over time between groups were found for the number of times driving after simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized clinical trial found that personalized feedback and motivational interviewing text messaging accelerated reductions in driving under the influence of cannabis at 3\u2010month follow\u2010up compared with controls, and personalized feedback alone showed delayed reductions in driving under the influence of cannabis at 6\u2010month follow\u2010up compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  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