{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T03:39:50Z","timestamp":1792381190739,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002082","name":"Health New Zealand Te Whatu Ora","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the alcohol\u2010attributable morbidity and mortality in New Zealand (NZ) as measured by deaths, cancer registrations, hospitalisations and Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) injury claims.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative risk assessment methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2018 NZ population aged &gt; 14\u2009years, by ethnicity (M\u0101ori\/non\u2010M\u0101ori), age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol\u2010attributable fractions (AAF) for 26 alcohol\u2010related conditions were generated in the International Model of Alcohol Harms and Policies (v3.0) using 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study relative risk functions and 2018 NZ alcohol exposure statistics. AAFs were applied to enumerated outcomes, with age\u2013sex standardised rates computed using the 2018 estimated resident population. Primary results present net outcomes (allowing potential protective effects at low consumption where supported by risk curves); gross outcomes are presented in sensitivity analyses. Main outcomes included deaths, cancer registrations, publicly funded hospitalisations and ACC injury claims.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2018, an estimated 901 deaths [95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 681\u20131104], 1250 cancer cases (95% UI = 1084\u22121383), 29\u2009282 hospitalisations (95% UI = 25\u2009713\u201332\u2009318) and 128\u2009963 ACC injury claims (95% UI = 114\u2009324\u2013140\u2009681) were attributable to alcohol. M\u0101ori (Indigenous population in NZ) experienced a disproportionately high health burden: 4.7% of all deaths, 5.2% of all cancers, 3.4% of hospitalisations and 9.9% of ACC claims among M\u0101ori were attributable to alcohol, compared with 2.5%, 4.7%, 2.7% and 8.7% for non\u2010M\u0101ori, respectively. Age\u2013sex standardised rates of alcohol\u2010attributable (AA) mortality, cancer registrations and hospitalisations were ~20\u2013100% higher for M\u0101ori than non\u2010M\u0101ori. Males accounted for the majority of health harms (e.g. 83% of AA deaths and 64% of AA hospitalisations). Assuming no protective effects (gross outcomes), an estimated 1379 deaths (95% UI = 1202\u20131528) and 31\u2009484 hospitalisations (95% UI = 28\u2009209\u201334\u2009204) were attributable to alcohol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol caused substantial, inequitable health loss in New Zealand in 2018. M\u0101ori bore a markedly higher age\u2013sex standardised burden than non\u2010M\u0101ori.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:15:12Z","timestamp":1785478512000},"page":"2991-2999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimated alcohol\u2010attributable health burden in New Zealand: A comparative risk assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Chambers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ng\u0101i Tahu Research Centre University of Canterbury  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2897-3002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Mizdrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Otago  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Otago  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Otago  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Sherk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction  Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research University of Victoria  Victoria Canada"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy University of Victoria  Victoria Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.1.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.22-00274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harms Scientific Working Group.Canadian substance use costs and harms 2007\u20102020Ottawa (CAN)Canadian Centre on substance use and addiction2007. 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