{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:18:08Z","timestamp":1788254288198,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30123C17749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30123C17749"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008199","name":"RTI International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excessive alcohol use is a leading preventable chronic disease risk factor. Alcohol minimum unit pricing (MUP) policies are not used in the United States despite evidence of associations with reduced drinking and alcohol\u2010related harms. To inform potential population\u2010level chronic disease prevention strategies, we estimated effects of various hypothetical MUPs on alcohol sales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simulation based on observational time\u2010series data. We used weekly off\u2010premises product\u2010specific alcohol retail sales and prices in 28 states of the United States for November 2022\u2013November 2023 from NielsenIQ to estimate the own\u2010price elasticity of spirits and cross\u2010price elasticities of wine, beer and ready\u2010to\u2010drinks with respect to spirits. Using estimated elasticities, we simulated changes in total alcohol sales associated with hypothetical spirits MUPs ranging from $0.10 to $1.10 per standard drink (0.6 fluid ounces of alcohol).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hypothetical MUP of $0.80 per standard drink on spirits yielded the largest estimated decrease in alcohol sales (\u22121.7%) and would affect 5374 of 26\u2009249 spirits products. To reach the $0.80 MUP, the sales\u2010weighted average price increase among affected products was $0.24 per drink.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minimum unit pricing policies on distilled spirits in the United States could shift purchasing behavior and help reduce alcohol\u2010related harms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:47:01Z","timestamp":1788252421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simulating the effects of an alcohol minimum unit price policy on distilled spirits sales in 28 states of the USA"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5879-7986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris G.","family":"Gammon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Gaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marissa B.","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Esser Public Health Consulting, LLC  Peachtree Corners GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6331-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Dowd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Institute for Policy &amp; Social Research, University of Kansas  Lawrence KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2019-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Karriker\u2010Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Nonnemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7308a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Alcohol use and your health. 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