{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:59:32Z","timestamp":1790765972744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the past two decades, mortality from alcohol\u2010related liver disease has rapidly increased in the United States. We aimed to describe age, period and cohort contributions to alcohol\u2010related liver disease mortality to better understand the possible drivers of recent worsening trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex\u2010stratified age\u2010period\u2010cohort analysis using national mortality data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The United States from 1968 to 2023 (846\u2009008 alcohol\u2010related liver disease deaths: 246 040 for females and 599\u2009968 for males).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We grouped sex\u2010specific alcohol\u2010related liver disease deaths and population estimates into 5\u2010year age and period groups, with a top coded 85+\u2009age group and one 6\u2010year period from 2018 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol\u2010related liver disease deaths for females and males declined from approximately the years 1980 to 2000, reaching lows of 3.00 per 100\u2009000 population for females in 2003 and 8.70 per 100\u2009000 for males in 2006, before steadily increasing and peaking in 2021 at 7.86 per 100\u2009000 and 17.04 per 100\u2009000, respectively. Mortality rates remained historically elevated through 2023. Age\u2010period\u2010cohort models showed the highest mortality rates among females ages 50\u201364 and males ages 50\u201369. Period effects declined from 1973\u20131977 to 1998\u20132002, then steadily increased, peaking in 2018\u20132023. Compared with the 2008\u20132012 period, females had a mortality rate ratio of 1.80 [95% confidence Interval (CI) = 1.78\u20131.82] in 2018\u20132023. Model\u2010sensitive cohort effects have increased among the youngest birth cohorts; for example, compared with the 1958\u20131962 cohort, males born from 1998 to 2003 had a mortality rate ratio of 2.03 (95% CI = 1.92\u20132.14).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol\u2010related liver disease deaths in the United States declined from the mid\u20101970s until the late 1990s before reversing, with period effects accelerating during the COVID\u201019 pandemic and suggestive cohort effects indicating increasing mortality risk for people born since the late 1980s. Females face disproportionate risk, consistent with their heightened susceptibility to alcohol\u2010related liver disease and the narrowing gender gap in alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:09:29Z","timestamp":1790762969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age, period and cohort effects in alcohol\u2010related liver disease mortality in the United States, 1968 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2059-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Alejandro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2702-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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