{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:57:59Z","timestamp":1790823479127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP2009254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2009254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009287","name":"NSW Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Past research has shown a link between alcohol consumption and loneliness\/social isolation; however, the nature of the relationship remains unclear. We aimed (1) to estimate bidirectional longitudinal associations between drinking at least weekly, loneliness and social isolation; and (2) to distinguish within\u2010person change from stable between\u2010person differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study using ten annual outcome waves (2014\u20132023), with wave 13 (2013) providing descriptive context and time\u2010constant baseline socio\u2010demographic covariates. Random\u2010intercept cross\u2010lagged panel models (RI\u2010CLPMs) were primary, dynamic panel models (DPMs) assessed robustness and conventional cross\u2010lagged panel models were sensitivity analyses. Models were unadjusted, partially adjusted for baseline socio\u2010demographic covariates and fully adjusted for additional time\u2010varying covariates. RI\u2010CLPMs separated deviations around participants' expected levels from relatively time\u2010invariant differences in their average levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Australia; the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey is a nationally representative household panel, although analyses were unweighted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unbalanced panel of 33\u2009835 Australians aged 15+. Former\u2010drinker person\u2010wave observations were excluded. Across waves 13\u201323, 87.8%\u201393.3% of individual\u2010interview respondents completed the self\u2010completion questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Time\u2010constant baseline covariates were measured at wave 13, and outcomes were measured at waves 14\u201323. Drinking at least weekly (\u22651\u00a0day\/week) was derived from an annually administered drinking\u2010frequency item. Loneliness was derived from three 7\u2010point items and social isolation was operationalised as low perceived social support using four 7\u2010point items; responses ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Median scores \u22654 were classified as lonely and scores &lt;4 as socially isolated, following prior HILDA operationalisations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among observed wave 13 responses, 6719\/14 019 (47.9%) reported drinking at least weekly, 3884\/14 076 (27.6%) were classified as lonely and 812\/14 082 (5.8%) as socially isolated; participants were 50.9% female and had a mean age of 36.0\u00a0years (standard deviation = 22.8). In fully adjusted RI\u2010CLPMs, loneliness predicted subsequent social isolation [pooled unstandardised coefficient (b)\u2009=\u20090.020, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20090.002\u20130.037 and social isolation predicted subsequent loneliness (b\u2009=\u20090.028, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.007\u20130.049). Drinking at least weekly was autoregressive (b\u2009=\u20090.151, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.135\u20130.168) but had no clear prospective association with either social measure. DPM conclusions were consistent with RI\u2010CLPM conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Loneliness and social isolation appeared to reinforce each other over time within individuals in this Australian cohort. Drinking at least weekly was not consistently associated with within\u2010person changes in social connection at annual intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:19:36Z","timestamp":1790821176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Drinking at least weekly, loneliness and social isolation over time: Bidirectional within\u2010person associations in an Australian prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7795-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7013-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Farnbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"University of Canberra  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neta","family":"Hagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine B.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2009-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Clare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.From loneliness to social connection\u2014charting a path to healthier societies: report of the WHO Commission on Social Connection [Internet]. 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