{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:45:38Z","timestamp":1791967538458,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRCRPG\u2010Nov21\\100002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRCRPG\u2010Nov21\\100002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In England, the proportion of adults not in work due to long\u2010term illness or disability has risen sharply in recent years. This study examined differences in trends in health\u2010related economic inactivity between 2014 and 2025 by level of alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross\u2010sectional analysis of data from a nationally representative, monthly survey conducted between March 2014 and May 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>162\u2009935 adults aged 18\u201364.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health\u2010related economic inactivity was defined as self\u2010reporting being out of work due to long\u2010term illness or disability. Alcohol consumption was classified using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test\u2010Consumption (AUDIT\u2010C) into five risk levels: non\u2010drinker (score of 0), low risk (1\u20134), increasing risk (5\u20137), higher risk (8\u201310) and possible dependence (11\u201312). Logistic regression was used to model time trends adjusted for age and gender. Modelled estimates were then extrapolated to the adult population of England using national population and drinking prevalence estimates. Secondary analyses were conducted using the full AUDIT and a measure of heavy episodic drinking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2014 and 2025, the prevalence of health\u2010related economic inactivity more than doubled among non\u2010drinkers (from 4.9% to 10.0%; a 104% increase) and low\u2010risk drinkers (from 2.3% to 4.7%; a 104% increase), and increased by 50% among those drinking at increasing\u2010risk levels (from 1.8% to 2.7%). In contrast, it remained relatively stable among those drinking at high\u2010risk levels (from 3.2% to 2.9%; a 9% decrease) and declined among those drinking at levels indicating possible dependence (from 5.4% to 3.4%; a 37% decrease). This pattern of results was consistent across different measures of alcohol use (AUDIT\u2010C classifications, full AUDIT, heavy episodic drinking). However, when accounting for population growth and increases in the overall prevalence of riskier drinking, the absolute numbers of increasing\u2010 and high\u2010risk drinkers and those with possible dependence who reported health\u2010related economic inactivity increased from 229\u2009000 to 318 000.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of economic inactivity due to long\u2010term illness and disability among working\u2010age adults in England between 2014 and 2025 more than doubled among non\u2010drinkers and low\u2010risk drinkers while remaining stable or declining among those drinking at higher\u2010risk levels, likely reflecting reverse causality and broader shifts in the population composition of drinkers in recent years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T07:51:51Z","timestamp":1791964311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alcohol consumption and health\u2010related economic inactivity among working\u2010age adults in England: A population study, 2014 to 2025"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5658-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5353-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Oldham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2797-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics.Employment in the UK: March 2025 [Internet].2025. 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