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It has long been recognized that the sequential contact between the tongue and the palate plays a crucial role in the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing. However, because the focus of most research on intraoral pressure has been on the generation of <jats:italic>positive<\/jats:italic> pressure by the tongue on the hard palate and teeth, generation and coordination of <jats:italic>absolute<\/jats:italic> intraoral pressures and regional pressure gradients has remained unexplored.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Ongoing research in our laboratory has uncovered highly variable individual pressure patterns during swallowing, which can nonetheless be divided into four stages: <jats:italic>preparatory, primary propulsive, intermediate<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>terminal<\/jats:italic>. These stages may further be sub\u2010classified according to pressure patterns generated at the individual level as <jats:italic>tipper<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>dipper<\/jats:italic> patterns in the preparatory stage, <jats:italic>roller<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>slapper<\/jats:italic> in the primary propulsive and <jats:italic>monophasic<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>biphasic<\/jats:italic> during the intermediate stage. Interestingly, while an increase in bolus viscosity can result in significant changes to pressure patterns in some individuals, it has little effect in others. Highly individual responses to increased viscosity are also observed with swallowing duration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The above, together with other findings, have important implications for our understanding of the aetiology of widely differing conditions such as protrusive and retrusive malocclusions, dysphagia and sleep apnoea, as well as the development of novel food products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T02:38:50Z","timestamp":1382582330000},"page":"155-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The role of oral soft tissues in swallowing function: what can tongue pressure tell us?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"JA","family":"Kieser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago Dunedin New 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