{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T20:54:40Z","timestamp":1761252880179},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental procedures involve contact between instruments and the patient's tissues, blood or saliva. This study evaluated the efficacy of the standardized sterilization of non\u2010disposable air\/water syringe tips and corrosion and contaminant build\u2010up in these tips.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bacterial contamination of single\u2010use and multiple\u2010use non\u2010disposable air\/water syringe tips after routine use and sterilization was compared to that of single\u2010use disposable tips by microbial culturing on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content> and blood agar plates. The effect of flushing the syringe tips prior to sterilization was also measured. The amount of corrosion in single\u2010use and multiple\u2010use non\u2010disposable syringes was measured by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDS<\/jats:styled-content> analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010disposable syringe tips had significantly (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) greater bacterial contamination than single\u2010use disposable tips. There were no statistically different levels of contamination between flushed and non\u2010flushed non\u2010disposable syringes or between single\u2010use and multiple\u2010use non\u2010disposable syringes. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDS<\/jats:styled-content> analyses showed greater evidence of corrosion and contaminant build\u2010up in multiple\u2010use syringes compared to single\u2010use non\u2010disposable syringes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sterilization of non\u2010disposable air\/water syringes is not completely effective and rinsing, or the number of uses, does not affect the effectiveness of sterilization. There may be a lower risk of cross\u2010infection from the use of disposable air\/water syringe tips, instead of non\u2010disposable ones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T21:45:25Z","timestamp":1391550325000},"page":"87-92","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of air\/water syringe tip sterilization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Inger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry University of Otago New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Bennani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Farella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Sciences Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Bennani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Sciences Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RD","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Sciences Sir John Walsh Research Institute University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1996.0166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Standards Australia 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